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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chicken pox
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-varicella
-direct contact, droplet, contaminated objects -2 to 3 W SEE slight fever, malaise, anorexia 24 hours -macule -papule-vesicle -trunk then spread face and extremities |
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management chicken pox
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-strict isolation until vesicles dried
-skin care: bath calamine KEEP FROM SCRATCHING -keep cool |
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diptheria
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-corynebacterium diptheriae
-direct contact, carrier or contaminated obj -2 to 4 W SEE -common cold, mucopurulent nasal drainage -malaise anorexia low grade fever -inc pulse rate hoarsness MANAGEMENT -bedrest isolation -penicillin G or erythromycin -Equine antitoxin-preferred antibodies |
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erythema infectiosum
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-human parvovius
-4 to 14 D rash 3 stages 1 slapped face appear disappear 1-4 2 maculopapular rash extremities last 7 days or more 3 rash subside but reappear if skin irritated MANAGEMENT -antipyretic analgesic -anti inflam isolation not necessary |
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roseola
exanthem subitum |
human herpes virus type 6
children 6M to 3 yr 5-15 D SEE -persistant high fever 3-4D -after fever gone rash shows -rash trunk then face and extremities fades with P MANAGEMENT antipyretic and fever reducer |
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rubeloa
measles |
prodromal
-fever malaise -24h later cough conjuntivitis Kopliks spots (2D before rash) RASH -face spread downward -earlier rash more severe MANAGEMENT -isolation until 5th day rash -bedrest initially -fever reduce! -eye care dim lights clean warm saline -cough cool mist vaporizer fluids |
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mumps
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paramysovirus
-droplet or contact 14-21D SEE fever headache malaise parotitis by 3rd day MANAGEMENT isolation bedrest during swelling pain relief -hot or cold compresses to neck tight underwear to prevent orchitis |
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pertussis
whooping cough |
bordetlla pertussis
-droplet direct contact -6-20D SEE short rapid couch followed by whooping sound -paroxysms (flushed check, eyes buldge thick mucus plug) -can cause pneumonia MANAGEMENT -rest - cough prevention -keep room ventilated -encourage fluid -high humidity -refeed if vomit -observe airway obstruction |
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poliomyelitis
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enterovirus
direct contact with active inf via fecal oral route SEE fever headache sore throat to severe pain stiffness back and neck CNS paralysis MANAGEMENT supportive bedrest moist pack ROM prevent contractures |
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rubella
german measles |
rubella virus
direct contact indirect with article contaminated with nasophyngeal secretion blood stool or urine SEE low grade fever headache malaise anorexia conjunctivitis sore throat RASH face spread down body covered maculopapular disappear as it began gone by 3rd day MANAGEMENT -fever reduction -most benign all childhood disease -danger to fetus |
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scarlet fever
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group a hemolytic strepcocci
droplet or direct SEE -abrupt high fever vomit headache chills malaise tonsils large red patches exudate pharynx red white strawberry tongue appear within 12H red pinhead lesion not on face MANAGEMENT -Penicillin bedrest respiratory precaution analgesic fluids soft diet |
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conjunctivitis
pink eye |
newborn caused by STDs
infants - sign tear duct obstruction children - bacteria viral allergy foreign body SEE purulent drainage crusty eyelid inflammed conjunctiva swollen eyelid itchy eye tearing pain MANAGEMENT topical antibacterial eyedrops day ointment night warm moist compresses |
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stomatitis
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SEE
inflam of oral mucosa caused by traumatic inj (biting cheek, hit mucosa with toothbrush) allergy emotional stress -small whitish ulceration surrounded by red border painful MANAGEMENT relief symptoms mixture benadryl elixir and maalox |
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HIV
transmission |
blood
semen vaginal secretion breast milk sex with infected partner exposure to inf bl or bl product preg, or delivery |
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Pathophysiology
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RNA virus called retrovirus cuz replicate backwards
use chemokine receptors to bind and enter into CD4 T cells -once bound transcript become double stranded DNA -enter cell nucleus and become part of genome |
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initial infection HIV
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viremia -large viral levels in blood for 2 to 3 W
*transmission more likely when viral load high -prolonged period with low viral load |
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cells with CD4 receptors
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CD4 T cells (T helper cells)
lymphocytes monocytees astrocytes oligodendrocytes |
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immune dysfx result of
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destruction of CD4 cells
WHY these cells play role in immune recognization and defense against pathogen |
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HIV
transmission |
blood
semen vaginal secretion breast milk sex with infected partner exposure to inf bl or bl product preg, or delivery |
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Pathophysiology
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RNA virus called retrovirus cuz replicate backwards
use chemokine receptors to bind and enter into CD4 T cells -once bound transcript become double stranded DNA -enter cell nucleus and become part of genome |
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initial infection HIV
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viremia -large viral levels in blood for 2 to 3 W
*transmission more likely when viral load high -prolonged period with low viral load |
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cells with CD4 receptors
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CD4 T cells (T helper cells)
lymphocytes monocytees astrocytes oligodendrocytes |
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immune dysfx result of
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destruction of CD4 cells
WHY these cells play role in immune recognization and defense against pathogen |
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normal CD count
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800-1200
*immune prob start when <500 severe prob <200 |
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acute HIV inf
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flulike symptoms
fever swollen lymph glands sore throat headache malaise nausea ms and jt pain diarrhea diffuse rash -occur 1 to 3 W after inf -high viral load |
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early chronic HIV
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asymptomatic
may have fatigue headache low grade fever night sweats -most unaward of infected status |
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intermediate chronic HIV
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CD4 drop 200-500
viral load inc advance more active state earlier symptom get worse -persistent fever night sweats -chronic diarrhea headaches -extremely tired -localized inf *thrush most common inf oral hairy leukoplakia - white raised lesion on lateral part of tongue *indicates disease progression |
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late chronic HIV
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immune system severely compromised
-great risk opportunistic inf |
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AIDS diagnosed when
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-CD4 below 200
-development of opportunistic inf -development of opportunistic cancer -wasting syndrome - loss of 10% + of ideal body mass -Aids dementia complex |
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common opportunistic inf in HIV
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-fungal inf- thrush of mouth, esophagus, vag, GI or PCP
-viral -cytomegalovirus, HS with chronic ulcers, bronchitis, esophagitis, PML -protozoal-toxoplasmosis of brain bacterial - TB recurrent penumonia, salmonella septicemia |
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opportunistic cancer in HIV
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invasive cervical cancer
Kaposi Sarcoma burkitts lymphoma immunoblastic lumphoma primary lymphoma of the brain |
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EIA (enzyme immunoassay)
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detect serum antibodies that bind to HIV antigens on test plates
-may ve up to 2 months after infection before antibodies detected -if positive must repeat |
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window period
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time btwn inf and development of antibodies
-STILL TRANSMISSABLE! |
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western blot test
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only after 2 positive EIA tests
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abnormal blood tests
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nuetropenia
thrombocytopenia anemia |
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normal life span CD4
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100 D
-HIV infected cells average only 2 days |
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main goals drug therapy
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decrease viral load
maintain/raise CD4 delay HIV related symp and OI |
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genotype assay
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detect drug resistant viral mutations present
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phenotype assay
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measure growth HIV in various concentrations
(help to see what med are resistant if any) |
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HIV treatment individualized because...
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pt viral load
CD4 count pt desire for therapy |
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ART
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dec viral replication and delay progression
-resistance develops rapidly when used alone or inadequate dose -use 3+ and prescribe full strength -not with herbal supplements -be careful OTC drugs |
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main goals in prevention
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use testing as routine health care
-rapid testing -work to modify risky behavior -offer test univerally to preg woman |
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why imp to adhere to meds
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disease progression
OI viral drug resistance |
