Infection

Front 1

4 classifications of potentially infectious microorganisms

Back 1

bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites

Front 2

Bacteria

Back 2

microorganisms (microscopic plants and animals, also known as microbes). Bacteria can exist almost anywhere. Cannot be seen with the naked eye. A microbiologist studies pathogenic organisms to prevent the spread of disease. The study of bacteria is bacteriology

Front 3

Types of Bacteria

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Pathogenic-harmful
Nonpathogenic-nonharmful

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Cocci

Back 4

round shaped, alone or in groups. Staphylococci, Streptococci, Diplococci. (Pathogenic)

Front 5

Staphylococci

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pus forming grows in clusters like grapes, cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.

Front 6

Streptococci

Back 6

pus forming bacteria in curved lines (string of beads) Cause strep throat and blood poisoning

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Diplococci

Back 7

Spherical, grows in pairs and causes diseases such as pneumonia

Front 8

Bacilli

Back 8

short rod shaped bacteria. Most common. Produce diseases such as tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.

Front 9

Spirilla

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Spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria. Sub divided into two groups. Can cause Lyme disease and STD’s.

Hint 9

Bacilli and Spirilla both use flagella (slender hairlike extensions) for movement

Front 10

Nonpathogenic bacteria

Back 10

harmless helps breakdown food, protect against infection and help stimulate the immune system.

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Active Stage

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grow and reproduce. Favorable conditions are warm, dark, damp or dirty places. When they mature they grow into 2 cells (mitosis) and they form daughter cells. When conditions are unfavorable they die or become inactive.

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Inactive or pore-forming stage

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Some bacteria form a waxy outer coating when conditions are unfavorable and are not harmed by disinfectants, heat or cold, then when conditions become favorable again the spores change into the active form and reproduce and grow.

Front 13

Local bacterial infection

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pimple or abscess (confined) indicated by a lesion containing pus.

Front 14

General bacterial infection

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bloodstream carries the bacteria or virus and their toxins to all parts of the body.

Front 15

Viruses

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microscopic organism. (Common cold, influenza, herpes, measles, chicken pox, small pox, hepatitis, polio and aids) Live only by penetrating other cells and becoming part of them. Cannot be killed with antibiotics and are hard to kill without harming the body.

Hint 15

HIV-causes AIDs, breaks down the immune system.
Hepatitis- bloodbourne pathogen marked by inflammation of the liver.
Hep A-contaminated food.
Hep B- Most difficult to kill on a surface.
Hep D- affects those infected with hep B

Front 16

Fungi

Back 16

yeasts, molds, and mildew. Obtain nourishment from dead organic matter or from living organisms. Common types are Tinea pedis (athletes foot) Tinea corporis (ringworm) and Onychomycosis (a nail infection). Other types are brought on by yeast Tinea versicolor (sun spots) Interigo is in the folds of the skin (underarms, and genitals)

Front 17

Parasites

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There are 2 types of parasites those living within a host (endoparacites) and those living outside (ectoparasites). Internal parasites can come from eating raw fish or meat. External parasites are ticks, fleas, or mites. All parasites require a host they cannot live on their own.

Front 18

Sanitation

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Lowest level of decontamination. REDUCE the number of pathogens or organisms found on the surface. Ex. UV sanitizers, antiseptics, soaps, and detergents.

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Disinfection

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Kills MOST bacteria (not spores) and some viruses on hard nonporous surfaces. Ex. Chemical agents and hospital grade products.

Hint 19

To be considered a broadband disinfectant is must be pseudomonacidal, effective against Pseudomonas bacteria (swimmers ear) and (hot tub rash), bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal.
To comply with OSHA Bloodbourne Pathogens Standard, implements that come into contact with blood or body fluids should be cleaned and completely immersed in an EPA-registered tuberculocidal and or a disinfectant that kills the HIV 1 and hepatitis B virus.

Front 20

Sterilization

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Kills ALL microorganisms including bacteria spores, viruses and fungi. Ex. Autoclave.

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First aid kit must contain

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A first aid kit at minimum should contain small bandages, gauze, antiseptic, and blood spill kit that contains disposable bags, gloves and hazard waste stickers.