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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
capitalism
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if you work harder you can make more $; system of profits, private ownership, competition(grades); concerned about production
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Cultural capital
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cultural background, knowledge, beliefs, values, attitudes passed down from 1 generation to the next; very based on race, class, gender; the higher the class, the more cultural capital; the more you have the better you do in school
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Quantitative
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numbers, charts, tables, graphs, stats; surveys experiments
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social construction
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many different perspectives
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interaction theory
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statuses, roles; verbal & nonverbal interactions; "uniqueness" (rather than only generalization)
ex. looking at the uniqueness of SMC campus, just looking @ SMC |
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tracking/ ability grouping
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placing students into particular edu. program based on ability; depends a lot on your social class: the higher the class, the higher the social class, enabling them to get a better edu.; often looks like the middle class (higher track) and the working class (lower track).. pre-placing them into jobs
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gender
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the lower the grade, more likely to be female; male more likely to be adminstration
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David Myra Sadker
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wrote "Failing @Fairness": schools are just like larger society giving boys advantages; study inequalities of girls & boys
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gender
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social based construction; both females and males possess masculine & feminine characteristics
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assimilation
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when minority group takes on characteristics of dominant culture; members of majority except minorities to act like majority, but still be a minority; minorities need to learn to be bicultural (learn about theirs & white culture); minorities have few role models
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stereotypes
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assume if one way, all are the same way; minorities possess less desirable values
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tokenism
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when you are the sole representative of the group; no one like you, a lot of pressure for you to express the judgement of everyone of your race/culture/ethnicity
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Bureaucracy
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hierarchy("chain of command"); divison of labor-> specialization of tasks
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purpose of schools
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prepare you for college, educate them; each class is a subculture (each one depending on class--students--and teacher differs)
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Basis of schools
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Secondary: order of classes
Primary: breaks (recess, lunch, bathroom) |
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school board
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oversees the school system by hiring/firing teachers, salary, general direction of school, budget; tend to be W M professionals; run school like a business
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superintendent
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carry out the budget, recommend to board who to hire/fire, to report to board, how school's running, meet with school administration with any concerns about school; tend to be W M, middle class; receives pressure from principal & board
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principal
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all day boss, manage all daily functions of school, solving conflicts, disciplining, recognizing kids, dealing with parents, concerns of staff & teachers, dealing with budgets, teacher & staff members to support them, dealing w/ buses, highest level that parents expect to support them; W M middle class; private schools> female
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teachers
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socialization of children, the lower the edu. grade the more females; females have more accessiblity to profession; good benefits, good retirement plan, tenure, lowest needed edu. is BA; W F middle class
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staff
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office workers, librarians, cafe crews, TA, counselors, secretaries, sanitarian crew, volunteers; makes sure school outside of classroom is running smoothly; working class W F (except maintenance), viewed as having lower rank, less edu.
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School size
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HS supposed to represent large area; HS should be able to cater to ALL types of students; $ becomes really important in small schools; in a small school if you do not like the teacher too bad you have no other choices; small schools- only offer classes @certain times
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Feminization of teaching
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the female characteristics match up with the "teacher characteristics"
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Teaching = career or professional?
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CAREER--> there is take home work
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Cross cultural (global) comparisons
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1983: "A Nation at Risk" our students are not competitive enough; US has the most diverse students; US spreads out their ed. compared to other countries; international students come to the US @ a higher level so of course they have a higher success rate; US does not teach critical thinking more test driven
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Standardized testing
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most people say it is not a fair way to demonstrate skills; if you are familiar with dominant culture, the better you will do
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Richard Hernstein & Charles Murray's "Bell Curve"
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say that white students better than black & hispanic, therefore whites are more intelligent
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Factory model (assembly line)
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1.work= classroom: only happens in the classroom, bc they don't think about all that we do;2. mass education- many students: efficient focus, not effective (quality goes down); 3. Tracking; 4. Memorization, repetitions, drills (not critical thinking)
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Cultural transmission
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teacher passes on all of the knowledge to students(passive);the"factory model; the "banking system"; traditional classroom: linear approach, static (assigned seats), controlled environment, rigid, knowledge transmission, passive students
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Cultural transformation
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Teacher and students both learn from each other; active learning, more critical thinking; progressive classroom: interactive approach, student centered, cooperation, freedom, dynamic, knowledge "transformed", active students
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John Dewey
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edu reformer; progressive classroom; students learn by linking material to your lives by "doing"; do not do something bc others say it is good, do it bc you believe in it.
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professionalism
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a professional
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professionalization
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professional model, rigorous training, mentoring
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professionalization
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1.credentials, 2.induction, 3.professional development, 4.specialization, 5.authority/decision making, 6. Compensation, 7.Prestige
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Credentials
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set of standards teachers must reach not all private schools require a teachers license
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induction
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more training on the job->mentoring; small school/private: less mentoring, but more support
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professional development
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"inservices", expected to go to conferences, workshops, courses; poor schools: less likely to fund teachers' edu.
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specialization
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a lot of training in one or a few areas; often teachers are asked to teach an area that is not their expertise (EL. Edu and private schools)
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Authority/ Decision Making
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Teachers have limited power on textbooks
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Compensation
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avg. salaries; teachers are relatively low if you compare to other professionals; public school pay more than private schools
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Prestige
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looks more at edu. professional development (not at wealth); teaching is a "semi-profession"
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The "Hidden" Curriculum
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(working class process), very similar to how work class is socialized; students must follow rules, regulations, policies, procedures or they will fail; unwritten not much to do w/ learning; must know to be successful (keeping your eyes open, sitting at your desk during a test)
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Common Script
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("factory model" of schooling); roles of teachers
good: efficient for standards, equal opportunity--NOT favors dominate culture, easy for teachers since they do not have to teach to other cultures problems: not everyone learns the same way; students feel oppressed; teachers blame alienated students, so very few adjust curriculum |
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Moral Teachings (visible)
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Part of curriculum; within curriculum: teach about moral characters in history; Rituals & Ceremonies: pep rallies, Our Father; Visual Displays: signs/posters "Say no to Drugs"; Moral Commentaries: "that's uncivilized behavior"
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Moral Practices (invisible)
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1.rules & regulations: every classroom has their own culture; 2.customs & traditions: some required to shout, others raise their hand 3. curriculum: teachers have a lot of influence 4. expressions: nonverbal/verbal communication > can be intentional or unintentional
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education (defined by sociology)
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an institution which serves society by socializing people into it through a formalized, standardized procedure
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rite of passage
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change of status
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total institution
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your everyday existence is controlled by and institution
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informal groups
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people that group together to go against authority
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student self concept
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the way that one views and defines ones self; very based on one's experiences in schools; based on your involvement in school activities, types of course you take; can be + or - consequences; peers and teachers play a large role in schools
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student culture groups
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like a community, students decide what group (Jocks, nerds, burnout) to join; if group supports academics, they will be successful; good students are able to juggle bn roles of "academic" and "peer group community" (must be accepted by both); acadamic world is like the adult world w/ job and peer community if you are too successful you can be cut off from peer community
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Jocks
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involved in everything had a lat of power; models what school wants all students to be
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Burnouts
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those who resisted school; apply that after school can get a job; reject organization; ie. Columbine shooters- have more friends in different groups
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In between groups
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somewhere in between Jocks & Burnouts
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Masculinizing Institution
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schools favor boys/men; men do better in co-ed schools; women do better in single sex schools; as schools become less academic it allows boys to succeed; male teachers receive higher pay than female s; Darwinism (science) survival of the fittest, favors males; if minorities & girls gain more status, becomes a threat to male status; girls react differently than boys
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