Industrialization Exam 1 Second Semester

Front 1

1. Explain how mass production changed industry:

Back 1

It allowed more Americans to be consumers. It increased job opportunities. More efficiency meant more products and more competition.

Front 2

2. Explain what a corporation is:

Back 2

a business that sells shares of stock to stockholders

Front 3

3. Explain the importance of Standardized Time:

Back 3

time zones was introduced in order to benefit railroad companies and rail travelers

Front 4

4. What was Vertical Integration?

Back 4

Andrew Carnegie bought up the suppliers of coal and rail lines to ship his steel he was buying different but related businesses

Front 5

5. What is a Monopoly? How were monopolies used?

Back 5

Monopolies and trusts functioned during the late 1800’s to reduce competition

Front 6

6. What is Social Darwinism?

Back 6

It allowed business leaders justify their poor treatment of workers.

Front 7

7. What is a Robber Baron?

Back 7

a wealthy industrialist who takes advantage of others in order to make himself wealthy and powerful

Front 8

8. What is a Captain of Industry?

Back 8

Advancing industry, creating new business opportunities, giving millions to charities, and using their wealth to better society

Front 9

9. What were some new inventions during the Industrial Revolution and why were they important?

Back 9

Steel allowed for the construction of skyscrapers. The telegraph improved long distance communication. Sewing machines helped to provide inexpensive clothing.

Front 10

10. What was the Industrialization period?

Back 10

Causes: The Civil War , Discovery of new sources of raw materials in the west, New inventions

Front 11

11. Why was the Industrialization period important?

Back 11

Effects: Unrestricted immigration, Growth of cities, New industrial products and services, The need to protect the worker and consumer

Front 12

12. What was the Labor Movement during the Industrial Revolution?

Back 12

Workers formed labor unions to negotiate for better working conditions

Front 13

13. Define: Scab –

Back 13

a worker who is hired to replace workers on strike

Front 14

14. Define: Socialist –

Back 14

someone who believes the government should take over businesses

Front 15

15. Define: Capitalist –

Back 15

someone who believes in private ownership of business

Front 16

16. What are labor unions? Were they successful?

Back 16

They were viewed by most Americans as violent. People believed they were tied to Communism/Socialism. The government often sided with big business.

Front 17

17. What techniques did unions use?

Back 17

Strikes, Pickets, Rallies

Front 18

18. What was the Industrial Workers of the World?

Back 18

union was formed by a group of radical unionists and socialists

Front 19

19. What is collective bargaining?

Back 19

A technique used to win worker’s rights

Front 20

20. What is socialism? Why was it popular during the Industrial Revolution?

Back 20

Economic system where government owns companies, Eugene V. Debs supported it because he felt capitalism made the rich, richer and the poor, poorer.

Front 21

21. Why did workers support labor unions?

Back 21

to have regulated hours in the work week, to have safer work conditions for all industrial workers, to have a collective voice in order to have their concerns heard

Front 22

22. How were the working conditions during the Industrial Revolution?

Back 22

low wages, unsafe working, conditions, long working hours

Front 23

23. What was the Haymarket Strike?

Back 23

Famous Chicago strike that turned very violent and bloody

Front 24

24. What is a muckraker?

Back 24

Journalist who exposed corruption and social injustice.

Front 25

25. What does nativism mean?

Back 25

Preferring Americans born in the U.S. to foreigners born in a foreign country.

Front 26

26. What is the difference between old immigrants and new immigrants?

Back 26

Old immigrants were from Northern and Western Europe and would therefore fit in better with the Americans.

Front 27

27. Where do old and new immigrants come from?

Back 27

New: China, Russia, Italy Old: Ireland, Britain

Front 28

28. What cultural changes did immigrants contribute to the United States?

Back 28

a variety of food, contributions to the art world, a change in the political landscape of the city

Front 29

29. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act:

Back 29

Was a result of increased nativism in the U.S., limited Chinese immigration

Front 30

30. Define culture shock:

Back 30

confusion and anxiety that newly arrived immigrants experienced

Front 31

31. Were Americans welcoming to immigrants? Explain:

Back 31

Immigrants were forced to take low paying jobs, Immigrants were forced to quit school and work at a young age, Immigrants had to live in crowded unhealthy conditions.

Front 32

32. How did immigrants stay true to their culture?

Back 32

they lived in ethnic neighborhoods, newspapers were printed in native languages, they maintained their own religion

Front 33

33. What is Angel Island?

Back 33

Where immigrants entered the US from the West Coast

Front 34

34. What is urbanization?

Back 34

Caused by: an increased demand for American manufactured goods, improved transportation to the cities, the discovery of large amounts of raw materials in the west

Front 35

35. What were some characteristics of “new” immigrants:

Back 35

Jewish/Catholic/Eastern Orthodox, Came as individuals to work in the factories, more likely to settle in ethnic groups

Front 36

36. What were some characteristics of “old” immigrants:

Back 36

More likely to live in rural areas (farming), more likely to look like native-born American whites

Front 37

37. Why did the population grow on the West Coast?

Back 37

Increased immigration from Asia

Front 38

38. What was the Progressive Movement?

Back 38

Reforms in environmental conservation, women’s suffrage, trust busting

Front 39

39. What was trust-busting?

Back 39

reducing the power of monopolies.

Front 40

40. Who was Eugene V. Debs?

Back 40

Socialism, because it offered to distribute the wealth of the country more equally.

Front 41

41. How did the growth of cities lead to the Progressive Movement?

Back 41

Cities could not meet the needs of a growing population.

Front 42

42. How did the role of the Executive Branch change during the Progressive Movement?

Back 42

Federal government increased its influence by regulating business and passing legislation designed to improve society.

Front 43

43. What is a suffragist?

Back 43

A person who fights for the right to vote

Front 44

44. What is Suffrage?

Back 44

The right to vote

Front 45

45. How did suffragist reach their goals?

Back 45

state by state campaigns, constitutional amendment, pushing courts cases.

Front 46

46. How did the government regulate industry?

Back 46

Clayton Antitrust Act, Pure Food and Drug Act

Front 47

47. What is conservation?

Back 47

Theodore Roosevelt created national parks to preserve resources and wildlife.