Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What was the only independent country in the Americas in 1800?
|
United States of America
|
|
|
These two revolutions caused other people to think about independence for their countries.
|
American and French
|
|
|
What is the name for the cultural region south of the United States?
|
Latin America
|
|
|
Name 3 European countries that influenced the cultures of Latin America.
|
Spain, France, Portugal
|
|
|
List 4 things European colonies in Latin America had in common.
|
being taken advantage of, growing crops, paying taxes, working in mines
|
|
|
Name the French colony on the western side of Hispaniola where the Latin American independence movement began.
|
Saint Dominique
|
|
|
Name four European nations that held colonies in Latin America in the 1800s.
|
France, Portugal, Spain, England
|
|
|
Enslaved people worked on large plantations on Saint Dominique and produced what two crops?
|
sugar and coffee
|
|
|
In 1791 who led the slaves in a successful revolt against plantation owners on Saint Dominique?
|
Toussaint L'Ouverture
|
|
|
What term means children born to white plantation owners and African slaves?
|
mulatto
|
|
|
By 1796, L'Ouverture had accomplished these two things on Saint Dominique.
|
1 - abolished slavery
2 - took control of colony's government |
|
|
What French general tried in 1802 to regain control of Saint Dominique?
|
Napoleon Bonaparte
|
|
|
Was the slave revolt led by L'Ouverture considered to be successful?
|
Yes, despite his being captured and taken to France, L'Ouverture's revolution was considered to be the first successful slave revolt in history.
|
|
|
In 1804 the revolt ended and Saint Dominique on Hispaniola was called __________.
|
Haiti
|
|
|
In 1808, __________ conquered Spain.
|
Napoleon
|
|
|
In 1810 which Mexican priest called for the poor people of Mexico to take their lands from Spain?
|
Miguel Hidalgo
|
|
|
Hidalgo's speech for revolution was called "The _____ of __________."
|
The Call of Dolores
|
|
|
Name three groups of people who supported Hidlago.
|
slaves, Native Americans,
Mestizos (part European and part Indian) |
|
|
First town captured by Hidalgo's army
|
Guannajuato
|
|
|
Two major demands of Hidalgo were ____ and _____
|
1 end slavery
2 end payment of taxes to Spain |
|
|
In 1811 the Spanish army caught and executed ___________
|
Hildago
|
|
|
Who carried on the revolution after Hidalgo's death?
|
Jose Maria Morelos
|
|
|
In what year did Morelos declare independence for Mexico and organize the country's first congress?
|
1813
|
|
|
What did Spanish soldiers do in 1815 to Morelos?
|
Spanish soldiers captured and killed Morelos in 1815
|
|
|
Name the Spanish army officer who took up the fight for Mexican independence in 1821.
|
Agustinde Inturbide
|
|
|
What did Inturbide declare in 1822?
|
In 1822 Inturbide declared himself emperor of Mexico. He was exiled and executed as a traitor in 1824.
|
|
|
Who was the driving force behind South America''s independence movement?
|
Simon Bolivar
|
|
|
In 1821, Bolivar led rebel armies to victory and freedom in which South American country?
|
Venezuela
|
|
|
After gaining independence for Venezuela, Bolivar helped which South American countries gain independence?
|
Colomvia, Bolivia, Panama, Ecuador, Peru
|
|
|
What was the nickname given to Bolivar?
|
Liberator of South America
|
|
|
Who lead the revolutions in Chile and Argentina?
|
Jose de San Martin
|
|
|
Name the four British colonies created in Canada following the French and Indian War in 1763
|
New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Upper Canada, Lower Canada (which became Quebec)
|
|
|
A province is similar to a _____.
|
state
|
|
|
What is a group of provinces under one central government?
|
confederation
|
|
|
In 1867 the new confederation in Canada was called _______ of ________.
|
Dominion of Canada
|
|
|
What was the most important annual event across Europe before the 1700s?
|
harvest of crops
|
|
|
Name three new forms of technology that caused changes in farming across Europe in the 1700s.
|
1 iron plows
2. crop rotation 3 fertilizers |
|
|
What was the period of great technological advances that changed the way goods were made and the way people lived?
|
Industrial Revolution
|
|
|
Because of the Industrial Revolution ______ instead of _______ became the main focus of economic activity around the world.
|
industry instead of farming
|
|
|
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and to what countries did it spread?
|
IR started in England, spread across Europe and then to the United States
|
|
|
List 5 reasons the IR began n England.
|
In England: 1 government allowed 1 people to start a business 2. stable government 3 protect property 4 rich supply of raw materials 5 earn money
|
|
|
What were cottage industries?
|
The IR began in the countryside where peasants produced thread and cloth on spinning wheels and looms in their homes.
|
|
|
What are textiles?
|
cloth fabric that is either woven or knitted sometimes using cotton or wool
|
|
|
Who invented the flying shuttle and when?
|
John Kay in 1733
|
|
|
Who invented the spinning jenny and when? What could it do?
|
James Hargreaves in 1763 invented the spinning jenny that could pin 16 spindles of yarn at once
|
|
|
What did Richard Arkwright invent in 1769
|
He invented the water frame that made even better thread for fabric
|
|
|
What is a power loom? Who invented it? When?
|
In 1785 Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom, a machine that sped up the production of textiles tremendously.
|
|
|
Why were large buildings called factories used?
|
The new machines were too big and expensive for use in cottages and homes
|
|
|
Most of the new machines were used for weaving what?
|
cotton
|
|
|
Why did Britain become involved in triangular trade?
|
the need for cotton
|
|
|
Explain triangular trade.
|
America shipped raw cotton to England. Textiles were shipped to Africa and traded for African slaves who were sent to work the American cotton plantations.
|
|
|
Which British city became a major textile manufacturing and shipping city?
|
Liverpool
|
|
|
What two raw materials were mined in Britain and used to build and power machines?
|
coal and iron
|
|
|
Who perfected the steam engine in 1769?
|
James Watt
|
|
|
What did the steam engine do?
|
provided a steady source of power for factory machines and other inventions
|
|
|
What is a steam-powered engine for use on railways?
|
locomotive
|
|
|
In 1825 the first passenger railroad connected which two places?
|
Scotland and Darlinigton
|
|
|
What was the iron horse?
|
In 1888 the iron horse was the railroad that linked Calais, France with Istanbul, Turkey
|
|
|
During the 1800s the number of factory-made products _______.
|
increased
|
|
|
During the 1800s, what percent of the population lived in cities?
|
20% lived in cities during the 1800s
|
|
|
What were city dwellers paid for their work in factories?
|
wages
|
|
|
City dwellers used their wages to buy what?
|
food, clothing and other goods
|
|
|
Who was part of the middle class?
|
merchants, lawyers, factory owners, bankers
|
|
|
What class was made of people who worked in the cities for wages?
|
working class
|
|
|
Describe the working conditions in European factories.
|
long work hours, dangerous conditions, boring repetitive jobs, child labor
|
|
|
To seek to improve conditions in factories what did factory workers organize?
|
unions which were outlawed by the government until 1824
|
|
|
What ideas did Karl Marx express in his book?
|
In Das Kapital, Marx expressed his ideas about the differences between the social classes.
|
|
|
What did Marx believe that the workers would do?
|
Marx believed workers would soon rise up and take control from the upper and middle classes and they should own the factories in which they worked
|
|
|
What is socialism?
|
a new economic and political system based on Marx' ideas
|
|
|
What is imperialism?
|
Imperialism is the extension of a nation's power over other lands by military, political, and economic means.
|
|
|
What was Japan pressured to do in the 1850s?
|
to reopen its borders to foreign ships and trade
|
|
|
What were American ships crossing the Pacific Ocean hunting for during the 1850s?
|
whales for oil
|
|
|
Why did America want Japan to reopen its borders?
|
new markets for Am goods
safe rest stops for ships resupply ships for long voyage |
|
|
What did Commodore Matthew Perry do in 1853?
|
steamed four US warships into Edo, Japan, harbor
|
|
|
Japanese name for US warships in 1853
|
black dragons
|
|
|
Who wrote to Japan that there could be no friendship between US and Japan if Japan refused to open its borders?
|
US President Millard Fillmore
|
|
|
When did Japan reopen its borders?
|
In 1854 Perry returned to Japan with 8 warships and opened the door to trade with Japan.
|
|
|
Name four other countries that signed trade agreements with Japan shortly after Japan reopened its borders.
|
Britain, France, Russia, Holland
|
|
|
How did most Japanese feel about the shogun's decision to open trade with the US and Europe?
|
They disagreed with opening Japan to trade with the west.
|
|
|
Japanese feudal lords became _____ ______ during the Meiji Restoration
|
regional governers
|
|
|
In 1868, several Japanese samurai groups lead a revolt against the ______ and returned power to the _____ named _____
|
shogun
emperor Meiji |
|
|
The new Meiji abolished the _____ system of ________
|
feudal
governing |
|
|
What did the Meiji government create to replace the samurai?
|
a modern army
|
|
|
Meiji moved the Japanese capital from Kyoto to Edo and changed its name to ___________.
|
Tokyo
|
|
|
Most of the political decisions in the Meiji government were made by whom?
|
ministers
|
|
|
What is the name for a large organization that runs the daily business of government?
|
bureaucracy
|
|
|
What was the Charter Oath?
|
a declaration that stated that all Japanese would be given a say in the government
|
|
|
What is a Diet?
|
a parliament in the new Japanese government from the constitution adopted in 1889
|
|
|
Under the new Meiji government, Japan would abandon old ______ and seek _____ throughout the world
|
customs
knowledge |
|
|
Why did Japan send hundreds of students to the Uniter States and Europe?
|
The came to learn about Western cultures.
|
|
|
For what kind of advice did the Japanese pay?
|
advice on building railways, factories, steamships, telegraph lines
|
|
|
What western styles did the Japanese adopt?
|
dress, hairstyles, food
|
|
|
colorful Japanese prints called _____ and the style known as ______
|
Ukiyo-e
japonisme |
|
|
With the changes made during the Meiji Restoration, Japan quickly became what kinds of powers?
|
military
economic |
|
|
In the 1890s, why did Japan revise the trade treaties they signed years earlier?
|
The treaties were unequal - not equal to or in favor of the Japanese.
|
|
|
Which country did Japan invade in 1894?
|
Korea; Japan refused the Chinese request to remove its troops and soon controlled most of the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan
|
|
|
What were the major events of the Sino-Russian War that began in 1904?
|
Japan's navy destroyed the Russian navy - Battle of Tsushima Strait and Japan obtained half of Sakhalin Island
|
