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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Flow Diagram
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aka Flow Sheet
A diagram showing the flow of the materials through the various equipment or processes involved in the manufacture of a certain Product |
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Kinds of Flow Diagrams
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1. Process Flow Diagram
2. Equipment Flow Diagram 3. Equipment Process Flow Diagram |
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Industries in the Philippines
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1. Sugar Manufacturing (Raw and Refined)
2. Cement Manufacture (Wet and Dry Process) 3. Rice and Corn Milling 4. Pulp and Paper Manufacture 5. Plywood 6. Glass 7. Beer 8. Copper Milling 9. Steel 10. Coconut Oil Milling 11. Fertilizer 12. Flour Milling |
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Industrial Equipment
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1. Dryers
2. Evaporators 3. Conveyors 4. Cranes 5. Foundry Equipment |
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Methods of drying system based on heat transfer
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1. Direct/Convection
2. Indirect 3. Radiant Heat or Infrared |
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Types of Dryers
Based on movement of materials |
1. Continuous
2. Batch |
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Types of Dryers
Based on heat source |
1. Steam heated
2. Oil/Coal fired 3. Electric |
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Classification of Dryers
1. Rotary |
- most commonly used
- rotating cylinder inside which the materials flow while in contact with hot gases. -Cylinder is tilted at a slight angle and fitted with lifting flights -used for copra, sand, wood chips |
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Classification of Dryers
2. Tower Dryer |
Vertical shaft where wet feed is introduced at the top and falls downward over baffles while coming in contact with the hot air which rises and exhausts at the top
- used for palay, wheat, and grains |
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Classification of Dryers
3. Hearth Dryer |
Material is supported on a floor where hot gases pass
- used for copra, coal, enamel wares |
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Classification of Dryers
4. Centrifugal Dryer |
-consists of centrifuge revolving at high speeds causing the separation of water from the material by centrifugal force
used for drying fertilizer, salt, sugar |
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Classification of Dryers
5. Tray Dryer |
- trays carrying the material that are place in a compartment or on a conveyor
used for ipil ipil, leaves, grains |
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Classification of Dryers
6. Infrared Ray Dryer |
Infrafred lamps
used for painted articles like cars |
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Evaporators
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used to remove the water from a liquid substance (sugar juice)
used to produce distilled water by condensing the steam |
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Evaporators according to construction
1. Horinzontal tube evaporator |
Consists of :
vertical horizontal cylindrical body 2 rectangular steam chests in the lower section contain tube sheets suitable for non-viscous liquids that do not deposit salt or scale |
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Evaporators according to construction
2. Standard Vertical Tube |
vertical cylindrical shell with flat, dished, or conical bottom
-most widely used can be used for liquids that deposit salt or scale |
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3. Long Tube, natural circulation vertical evaporator
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long tubes so that the liquor passes through the evaporator
for non salting and non scaling liquids can be used with high viscosities one of the cheapest types |
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Multiple effect evaporator
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series of evaporators so connected that the vapor from one body is used as the heating steam in the next.
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Types of Multiple Effect (multi-stage) Evaporators
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1. Parallel Feed
2. Backward Feed 3. Forward Feed 4. Mixed Feed |
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Conveyors
1. Flat belt |
coal, copra, packages
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Conveyors
2. Troughed belt |
coal, copra, ores
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Conveyors
3. Screw |
pulverized coal, flour, grains
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Conveyors
4. Flight |
packages, boxes, copgra
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Conveyors
5. Bucket |
copra, coal, grains
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Conveyors
6. Pneumatic |
grains, linen, matchsticks
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Cranes
1. Overhead travelling bridge |
Maintenance shops, ice plant
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Cranes
2. Derrick |
loading in ships, handling materials in piers
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Cranes
3. Jib |
Construction work, maintenance shops
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Cranes
4. Gantry |
mining, piers
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Cranes
5. Pillar |
maintenance shops, piers
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Foundry Equipment
Melting Furnaces used in Foundry 1. Crucible Furnace |
For nonferrous metals
metal is melted inside a crucible heated by an oil fired burner. |
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Foundry Equipment
Melting Furnaces used in Foundry 2. Cupola |
For melting iron
heat comes from coke burning inside the cupola |
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Foundry Equipment
Melting Furnaces used in Foundry 3. Induction |
for ferrous and nonferrous
uses electric current for melting the scraps or ingots. |
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Methods of Casting in Foundry
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1. Sand casting
2. Pressure die 3. Metal Mold 4. Centrifugal 5. Plaster Mold |
