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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How long did the Guided Democracy last before final installation of Pancasila?
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1957 to 1965
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Reversion back to 1945 Constitution which gave Sukarno a dominant role as President for life from 1963.
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Guided Democracy
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National Advisory Council (NAC)
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Made up of representative bodies with "functional groups" within society - e.g. peasantry, military, youths.
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What was the exercise of power like under Guided Democracy?
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Tripartite sharing of power between Sukarno, the army and the PKI, hence suggesting that the history of the Guided Democracy is in great measure the history of a shifting balance between the three as the political elite narrows.
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Why was the government able to function smoothly?
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There was a relationship of mutual dependency in which the army supported Sukarno and his PKI.
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Why was PKI attractive to Sukarno?
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1. It provided a counter-balance against the influence of the military.
2. PKI could provide mass audience and support for Sukarno's policies. e.g. end 1962 - 2m members |
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The relationship between PKI and the military
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It was filled with tension due to historical antagonism, ideological and structural differences.
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The Middle Way
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1. Established in 1958
2. Highlights the military view of its role under Guided Democracy 3. A compromise between the neutrality of the army and its political involvement where it promised not to set up a military government in return for a non-lifeless govt. tool. |
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Gotong-Royong
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1. Using authoritarian political structures to forge consensus
2. Sukarno's idea of socio-nationalism that incorporated mutual cooperation with the aim to reach decisions based on general consent and command the support of the country at large. |
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Which are the Outer Islands that showed restrain to the Guided Democracy?
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Western Sumatra which formed a counter-govt. in 1958, South Sulawesi. Regional revolts broke out.
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Why did Guided Democracy fail?
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1. Economic Chaos - Massive UN, hyperinflation (600% a year by 1966), corruption.
2. The breakdown of the tripartite power balance by the mid-1960s |
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The consensus that Sukarno thought _______________ would bring was only an _______________.
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Guided Democracy; Illusion
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How did Sukarno threaten the power of the military, thereby shaking the trio power balance?
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Implementing leftist policies like supporting PKI's radical landholding reapportionment in late 1963 and allow military training for PKI members in 1965.
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When was Sukarno deposed and PKI banned?
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11 March 1966
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What caused the end of Guided Democracy?
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The 1965 Communist Coup - mass murder of PKI leadership
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Suharto
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He was the second President of Indonesia, having held the office for 31 years from 1967 following Sukarno's removal until his resignation in 1998.
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Suharto's policy
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The New Order (1966-1998)
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The main role of The New Order
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To de politicise and reduce mobilization of political structures.
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What were the features of The New Order?
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1. Highly centralised govt.
2. Allowed only 3 political parties 3. Control of the military with soft power 4. Adherence to 1 state ideology - Pacansila |
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Most prominent functional group in govt
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Goklar
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Dwifungsi (Dual Function)
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It was used to justify the military permanently increasing its influence in the Indonesian government, including reserved military-only seats in the parliament, and top positions in the nation's public service. - mil. and civilian roles
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Pancasila (1987)
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Nationalism, Internationalism, Democracy, Social Justice and belief in God.
*SOCIETY IS SUBSCRIBED TO THIS SINGLE STATE IDEOLOGY. |
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What was the West Sumatra's counter-government called?
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Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia or PRRI
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How did the army see Sukarno's threat?
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They saw it as a means to arm its communist opponents and directly threatened its monopoly of force.
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What was the two structured groups, other than the existing Goklar?
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Islamic United Development Party (PPP) and non-Islamic Indonesian Democracy party (PDI)
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Who is more in power?
PARLIAMENT OR PRESIDENT? |
PRESIDENT
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How was the military important to Suharto?
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It's support formed the fundamental basis for long term survival of Suharto's regime.
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The Pancasila represented a _____________ of the indonesian political structure as all adhere to a single state ideology.
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De-ideologisation
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