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133 Cards in this Set
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- Back
adyton |
(architecture) the innermost chamber of a temple |
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agalma |
(architecture) statue dedicated to a god, literally a delight or treat for the god |
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agamemmnon |
myth. king of mycenae and leader of the greek side in the trojan war |
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agora |
marketplace |
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akrolithic |
sculptural technique using marble for exposed skin and a cheaper material (limestone or wood) for everything else |
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akropolis |
citadel of any greek town, the arkropolis (capitalized) refers to the acropolis in athens |
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alexander the great |
(356-323) king of macedon, son of philip II. conquered the persian empire |
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Altis |
sanctuary of zeus at olympia |
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amazons |
(myth) warlike women who take on the roles of men. said to live near the black sea. commonly associated with the persians from the 5th century onward |
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amphora |
jar with upright handles on either side of the neck used for storing wine or oil |
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angle contraction |
in dormice architecture, setting the columns closer together at the corners (angles in order to live up the outermost triglyph with the corner of the building |
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apsidal |
an apse is the curved part of any building shaped roughly like a horseshoe. |
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architrave |
the horizontal blocks resting atop the columns |
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aryballos |
small oil flash, often worn from a waist-strap, specialty of corinthian potters |
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ashlar |
building block carved not a rectangular shape |
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asklepios |
god of healing. mortal son of apollo, who himself became a god. especially associated with the city of epidauros. usually shown as a bearded man accompanied by a snake |
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attica |
region around athens |
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baroque |
hellenistic style noted for extravagant, exaggerated effects and direct engagement of the audience |
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black-figure |
technique of decorating pottery with black painted silhouettes against unpainted or burnished clay, with incised details and a restricted number of secondary colours. invented in corinth comes before red-figure |
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bronze age |
3000-1000 |
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caryatid |
a column that takes the form of a kore |
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chain folds or chain lines |
in classical sculptor, carved folds of drapery that hang between two points suggesting weight |
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chryselephantine |
made of gold and ivory |
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chthonic |
having to do with the underworld, things underground and the fertility and richness of the earth |
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cist grave |
small pit, often lined with stone and provided with a lid, used for burial |
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classical period |
480-336 |
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contrapposto |
balanced pose, a straight ,weight-bearing leg is matched by a straight, weight-bearing arm on the opposite side of the body; a bent relaxed leg is matched by a bent, relaxed arm on the opposite side of the body |
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corbeling |
stacking progressively smaller rings of stone one on top of another and trimming the inner corners to create a smooth, beehive-like dome |
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corinthian column |
column type invented in the late 5th century as an alternative to doric and ionic, features a capital carved to resemble acanthus plants |
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capital |
element crowning a column and supporting the architrave |
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dedalic |
modern term for orientalizing styles in sculpture |
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dedication |
gift for a god, usually placed in a sanctuary, included anything from flowers to small buildings |
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demos |
the ordinary people of a greek city |
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dipteral |
ground plan featuring a double set of columns running around all four sides of a building |
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distil in antis |
ground plan with two columns in the front porch only |
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drachma |
basic unit of greek currency |
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echinus |
distinctive cushion-shaped part of a doric capital, just below the abacus |
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electrum |
alloy of gold and silver |
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entasis |
deliberate bulging of columns around the middle |
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epiphany |
miraculous appearance of a god on earth |
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ethos |
character |
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etruscans |
non-greek people of central italy |
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faience |
glass-like ceramic derived from egypt |
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flute |
(architecture) a long straight groove running alone the length of a column |
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fresco |
wall painting on plaster. " true fresco" involved painting while the plaster is still wet, with details added later |
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frieze |
A horizontal zone running the length of a building immediately above the architrave. the doric frieze alternates triglyphs and metopes, the ionic frieze is unbroken and may or may not be decorated, the term can also be used of any decorated, horizontal band |
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giants |
children of the earth goddess, who rebelled against the olympian gods and were defeated in battle |
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hellenistic |
period between the macedonian conquest of greece and the rise of rome, when greek culture speed around the mediterranean and the near east |
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herakles |
most popular hero of the greek world especially associated with the city of thebes and the argolid. usually shown wearing a lion skin and wielding a club or sometimes a bow |
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hippodamos |
architect and town planner, active in the early classical period |
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hoplite |
heavily armed foot soldier |
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hydria |
water jar with two handles for lifting and third for pouring |
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hypaethral |
roofless |
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iconography |
the images or symbols traditionally associated with a particular subject or story |
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iktinos |
athenian architect of the classical period, associated with the parthenon at athens and the temple of apollo at bass |
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incision |
limeade by scratching with a sharp point, commonly used in ceramic and metalworking |
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iron age |
when iron was the dominant metal for use in tools and weapons (1000-700c) |
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kallikrates |
athenian architect and builder of the classical period, associated with many public works before and during the peloponnesian war, including the parthenon and the temple of athena nike |
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kerameikos |
the potters quarter in athens also used of major cemetery in the same area |
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khiton |
distinctive ionian garment made of linen, resembled a large pillow case, with holes for the head and arms, and buttons along the upper edge |
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kore |
type of archaic statue: a young woman, clothed, standing stuffy with one arm at the hip, the other holding something either to the great or with forearm extended forward, feet can be together or slightly offset male counterpart is the kouros |
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krater |
large, deep bowl for mixing wine and water. comes in several varieties. the volute rate has spiral handles,the calyx krater has straight walls and an offset bowl resembling the calyx of a flower |
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lekythos |
tall,cylindrical oil flask, common grave good in classical athens |
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lintel |
horizontal beam spanning two upright beams, the upper edge of a door frame |
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lucanian pottery |
pottery produced at metapontion in the first half of the 4th century. lucanian pottery is not to be confused with the lucanians |
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lucanians |
non-greek people of southern italy |
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macedon |
non-greek region in the northwest corner of the aegean sea, not to be confused with the modern republic of macedonia |
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macedonian tomb |
tomb featuring a vaulted chamber behind a doric facade. appears in macedon after the invasion of the persian empire |
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mainad |
female follower of dionysos |
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marker vase |
large vase marking a grave mound |
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masonry |
the art and science of building stone walls, can also be used of the walls themselves |
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metope |
square or rectangular panel, part of a doric frieze. can be decorated with paint or relief carving. alternates with triglyphs |
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mimesis |
the idea that images imitate the real world, became important in the late classical period |
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modelling lines |
in classical sculpture, carved folds of drapery that snake over the body suggesting volume |
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molding |
decorative strip of any kind |
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mosaic, pebble |
mosaic made of small pebbles, a specialty of macedon |
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mosaic, tesserated |
mosaic made of small cut squares of coloured stone or glass (tesserae), a specialty of alexandria in egypt |
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nereids |
family of sea nymphs, daughters of the old man of the sae. usually shown as women, sometimes riding sea serpents |
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nike |
personification of victory. usually shown as a winged woman |
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olympian |
having to do with mount lumps, the home of the gods on the border between freeze and macedon |
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paionios of mende |
sculptor active in the late 5th century often associated with athens, carved a nike at olympia on behalf of the messenians of naupaktos, also the akroteria of the temple of zeus at olympia |
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palladion |
early type of statue of athena, with a simple cylindrical body and a raised spear |
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palmette |
decorative motif resembling a palm leaf |
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panathenaia |
festival held in honour of athena, every fourth year |
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panhellenic |
having to do with all of the greek-speaking people |
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pastas |
popular housing type featuring a courtyard with a porch at the north end |
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peloponnesos |
mainland freeze south of the isthmus of corinth |
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peplos |
dorian garment for women, made of wool. a rectangle of cloth is folded in gold lengthwise, doubled over in the upper half and tucked under the armpits, its is then pinned at the shoulders and belted just above the waist |
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pericles of athens |
(495-429) general and statesman who dominated athenian politics |
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peristyle |
row of columns running around all four sides of a temple or a courtyard |
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peristyle house |
fancy house type built from the late classical period onward, featuring a central courtyard surrounded by a colonnade or peristyle |
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persian empire |
empire based in what is now southwest iran. arose in the mid-6th century and quickly came to dominate everything between india and the mediterranean. defeated by alexander the great of macedon. |
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phalanx |
infantry formation used in hoplite battles: men standing in parallel rows and marching in unison towards an enemy |
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pheidias |
of athens. sculptor, active in the third quarter of the 5th century. specialize din gold-and 0ivory statues |
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pier |
square pillar or other vertical support |
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pioneer group |
group of athenian red-figure vase painters working in one or two workshops in the late 6th and early 5th centuries. included euphonious, euthymides, phintias, and smikros |
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poikilia |
visual complexity and decorative patterning a desirable feature in artworks |
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polis |
city state |
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polykleitos |
of argos. major figure in 5th century sculpture active (450-410) specialized in bulky bronze athletes, also made a famous gold-and 0ivory statue of hera for her argive temple. no original works survive |
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post and lintel construction |
essential principle of greek building, based on two upright elements spaced apart, with a flat element resting atop them |
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prostas |
type of hose popular in east greece featuring three zones: a single story of utility rooms at the south end, a courtyard in the middle and a two-story residential block at the north end |
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prostyle |
building with a row of columns in front only |
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protome |
projecting separately made attachment to a vessel or other object, in the shape of a head (human, animal or supernatural) |
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red-figure |
technique of decorating pottery by colouring in the background with black, leaving figures the natural reddish colour of the clay, invented in athens comes after the black-figure period. |
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relief sculpture |
sculpture in which the figures project form a block or slab of stone. in high relief the figures project more in low relief they project less |
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relieving triangle |
empty triangular space above a lintel designed to relieve it of weight |
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rosette |
decorative motif resembling a rose |
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sanctuary |
area set aside for religious purposes usually contains at a minimum, an altar or other site for sacrificial ritual. larger sanctuaries contain temples and are surrounded by walls |
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sarcophagus |
box of stone or terracotta for containing a dead body, a fancy coffin |
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satyrs |
males followers of dionysos |
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sema |
statues, tombs, letters, omens, and other meaningful things |
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shaft grave |
cist grave at the bottom of a deep shaft |
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sima |
low barrier along a roof line to keep roof tiles from sliding off, typical of west greece |
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skyphos |
drinking cup with high flaring sides, a simple base and two horizontal handles, typical of corinth |
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slip |
clay that has been mixed with water until runny |
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state |
polity occupying a defined territory and organized under a sovereign government |
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stele |
upright slab of stone |
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stoa |
freestanding porch or colonnades |
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strigil |
tool for scraping oil and dirt from one body after exercise |
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stylobate |
the floor upon which columns stand |
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terracotta |
baked clay |
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tholos |
building or tomb with a circular plan |
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triglyph |
grooved panel, part of a doric frieze. alternates with metopes |
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tykhe |
personification of fortune |
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volute |
the distinctive lower part of an ionic capital |
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zeus ammon |
combination of zeus and the egyptian god ammon, worshipped at the city of cyrene, later associated with alexander the great. shown as a beard man with the horns of a ram |
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eidolon |
greek word for ghost, also meant image |
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seige engines |
-Essentially towers on wheels that could trundle up to a city wall with a battering ramwhile raining havoc upon the houses on the other side. Catapults and ballistas (gaintwheeled crossbows) soon followed |
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Ganthia technique |
techniquein which colors are painted directly onto the black glaze |
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telamons |
giganticmale figures at the temple of olympian zeus, akragas |
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Poseidonia |
is also known as paestum, and is now italy |
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etruscans |
-a fewmiles to the north of poseidoia, and later, another indigenous people called the lucanians |
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-riposte |
(a quick clever reply to an insult or criticism.) |