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133 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

adyton

(architecture) the innermost chamber of a temple

agalma

(architecture) statue dedicated to a god, literally a delight or treat for the god

agamemmnon

myth. king of mycenae and leader of the greek side in the trojan war

agora

marketplace

akrolithic

sculptural technique using marble for exposed skin and a cheaper material (limestone or wood) for everything else

akropolis

citadel of any greek town, the arkropolis (capitalized) refers to the acropolis in athens

alexander the great

(356-323) king of macedon, son of philip II. conquered the persian empire

Altis

sanctuary of zeus at olympia

amazons

(myth) warlike women who take on the roles of men. said to live near the black sea. commonly associated with the persians from the 5th century onward

amphora

jar with upright handles on either side of the neck used for storing wine or oil

angle contraction

in dormice architecture, setting the columns closer together at the corners (angles in order to live up the outermost triglyph with the corner of the building

apsidal

an apse is the curved part of any building shaped roughly like a horseshoe.

architrave

the horizontal blocks resting atop the columns

aryballos

small oil flash, often worn from a waist-strap, specialty of corinthian potters

ashlar

building block carved not a rectangular shape

asklepios

god of healing. mortal son of apollo, who himself became a god. especially associated with the city of epidauros. usually shown as a bearded man accompanied by a snake

attica

region around athens

baroque

hellenistic style noted for extravagant, exaggerated effects and direct engagement of the audience

black-figure

technique of decorating pottery with black painted silhouettes against unpainted or burnished clay, with incised details and a restricted number of secondary colours. invented in corinth comes before red-figure

bronze age

3000-1000

caryatid

a column that takes the form of a kore

chain folds or chain lines

in classical sculptor, carved folds of drapery that hang between two points suggesting weight

chryselephantine

made of gold and ivory

chthonic

having to do with the underworld, things underground and the fertility and richness of the earth

cist grave

small pit, often lined with stone and provided with a lid, used for burial

classical period

480-336

contrapposto

balanced pose, a straight ,weight-bearing leg is matched by a straight, weight-bearing arm on the opposite side of the body; a bent relaxed leg is matched by a bent, relaxed arm on the opposite side of the body

corbeling

stacking progressively smaller rings of stone one on top of another and trimming the inner corners to create a smooth, beehive-like dome

corinthian column

column type invented in the late 5th century as an alternative to doric and ionic, features a capital carved to resemble acanthus plants

capital

element crowning a column and supporting the architrave

dedalic

modern term for orientalizing styles in sculpture

dedication

gift for a god, usually placed in a sanctuary, included anything from flowers to small buildings

demos

the ordinary people of a greek city

dipteral

ground plan featuring a double set of columns running around all four sides of a building

distil in antis

ground plan with two columns in the front porch only

drachma

basic unit of greek currency

echinus

distinctive cushion-shaped part of a doric capital, just below the abacus

electrum

alloy of gold and silver

entasis

deliberate bulging of columns around the middle

epiphany

miraculous appearance of a god on earth

ethos

character

etruscans

non-greek people of central italy

faience

glass-like ceramic derived from egypt

flute

(architecture) a long straight groove running alone the length of a column

fresco

wall painting on plaster. " true fresco" involved painting while the plaster is still wet, with details added later

frieze

A horizontal zone running the length of a building immediately above the architrave. the doric frieze alternates triglyphs and metopes, the ionic frieze is unbroken and may or may not be decorated, the term can also be used of any decorated, horizontal band

giants

children of the earth goddess, who rebelled against the olympian gods and were defeated in battle

hellenistic

period between the macedonian conquest of greece and the rise of rome, when greek culture speed around the mediterranean and the near east

herakles

most popular hero of the greek world especially associated with the city of thebes and the argolid. usually shown wearing a lion skin and wielding a club or sometimes a bow

hippodamos

architect and town planner, active in the early classical period

hoplite

heavily armed foot soldier

hydria

water jar with two handles for lifting and third for pouring

hypaethral

roofless

iconography

the images or symbols traditionally associated with a particular subject or story

iktinos

athenian architect of the classical period, associated with the parthenon at athens and the temple of apollo at bass

incision

limeade by scratching with a sharp point, commonly used in ceramic and metalworking

iron age

when iron was the dominant metal for use in tools and weapons (1000-700c)

kallikrates

athenian architect and builder of the classical period, associated with many public works before and during the peloponnesian war, including the parthenon and the temple of athena nike

kerameikos

the potters quarter in athens also used of major cemetery in the same area

khiton

distinctive ionian garment made of linen, resembled a large pillow case, with holes for the head and arms, and buttons along the upper edge

kore

type of archaic statue: a young woman, clothed, standing stuffy with one arm at the hip, the other holding something either to the great or with forearm extended forward, feet can be together or slightly offset male counterpart is the kouros

krater

large, deep bowl for mixing wine and water. comes in several varieties. the volute rate has spiral handles,the calyx krater has straight walls and an offset bowl resembling the calyx of a flower

lekythos

tall,cylindrical oil flask, common grave good in classical athens

lintel

horizontal beam spanning two upright beams, the upper edge of a door frame

lucanian pottery

pottery produced at metapontion in the first half of the 4th century. lucanian pottery is not to be confused with the lucanians

lucanians

non-greek people of southern italy

macedon

non-greek region in the northwest corner of the aegean sea, not to be confused with the modern republic of macedonia

macedonian tomb

tomb featuring a vaulted chamber behind a doric facade. appears in macedon after the invasion of the persian empire

mainad

female follower of dionysos

marker vase

large vase marking a grave mound

masonry

the art and science of building stone walls, can also be used of the walls themselves

metope

square or rectangular panel, part of a doric frieze. can be decorated with paint or relief carving. alternates with triglyphs

mimesis

the idea that images imitate the real world, became important in the late classical period

modelling lines

in classical sculpture, carved folds of drapery that snake over the body suggesting volume

molding

decorative strip of any kind

mosaic, pebble

mosaic made of small pebbles, a specialty of macedon

mosaic, tesserated

mosaic made of small cut squares of coloured stone or glass (tesserae), a specialty of alexandria in egypt

nereids

family of sea nymphs, daughters of the old man of the sae. usually shown as women, sometimes riding sea serpents

nike

personification of victory. usually shown as a winged woman

olympian

having to do with mount lumps, the home of the gods on the border between freeze and macedon

paionios of mende

sculptor active in the late 5th century often associated with athens, carved a nike at olympia on behalf of the messenians of naupaktos, also the akroteria of the temple of zeus at olympia

palladion

early type of statue of athena, with a simple cylindrical body and a raised spear

palmette

decorative motif resembling a palm leaf

panathenaia

festival held in honour of athena, every fourth year

panhellenic

having to do with all of the greek-speaking people

pastas

popular housing type featuring a courtyard with a porch at the north end

peloponnesos

mainland freeze south of the isthmus of corinth

peplos

dorian garment for women, made of wool. a rectangle of cloth is folded in gold lengthwise, doubled over in the upper half and tucked under the armpits, its is then pinned at the shoulders and belted just above the waist

pericles of athens

(495-429)


general and statesman who dominated athenian politics

peristyle

row of columns running around all four sides of a temple or a courtyard

peristyle house

fancy house type built from the late classical period onward, featuring a central courtyard surrounded by a colonnade or peristyle

persian empire

empire based in what is now southwest iran. arose in the mid-6th century and quickly came to dominate everything between india and the mediterranean. defeated by alexander the great of macedon.

phalanx

infantry formation used in hoplite battles: men standing in parallel rows and marching in unison towards an enemy

pheidias

of athens. sculptor, active in the third quarter of the 5th century. specialize din gold-and 0ivory statues

pier

square pillar or other vertical support

pioneer group

group of athenian red-figure vase painters working in one or two workshops in the late 6th and early 5th centuries. included euphonious, euthymides, phintias, and smikros

poikilia

visual complexity and decorative patterning a desirable feature in artworks

polis

city state

polykleitos

of argos. major figure in 5th century sculpture active (450-410) specialized in bulky bronze athletes, also made a famous gold-and 0ivory statue of hera for her argive temple. no original works survive

post and lintel construction

essential principle of greek building, based on two upright elements spaced apart, with a flat element resting atop them

prostas

type of hose popular in east greece featuring three zones: a single story of utility rooms at the south end, a courtyard in the middle and a two-story residential block at the north end

prostyle

building with a row of columns in front only

protome

projecting separately made attachment to a vessel or other object, in the shape of a head (human, animal or supernatural)

red-figure

technique of decorating pottery by colouring in the background with black, leaving figures the natural reddish colour of the clay, invented in athens comes after the black-figure period.

relief sculpture

sculpture in which the figures project form a block or slab of stone. in high relief the figures project more in low relief they project less

relieving triangle

empty triangular space above a lintel designed to relieve it of weight

rosette

decorative motif resembling a rose

sanctuary

area set aside for religious purposes usually contains at a minimum, an altar or other site for sacrificial ritual. larger sanctuaries contain temples and are surrounded by walls

sarcophagus

box of stone or terracotta for containing a dead body, a fancy coffin

satyrs

males followers of dionysos

sema

statues, tombs, letters, omens, and other meaningful things

shaft grave

cist grave at the bottom of a deep shaft

sima

low barrier along a roof line to keep roof tiles from sliding off, typical of west greece

skyphos

drinking cup with high flaring sides, a simple base and two horizontal handles, typical of corinth

slip

clay that has been mixed with water until runny

state

polity occupying a defined territory and organized under a sovereign government

stele

upright slab of stone

stoa

freestanding porch or colonnades

strigil

tool for scraping oil and dirt from one body after exercise

stylobate

the floor upon which columns stand

terracotta

baked clay

tholos

building or tomb with a circular plan

triglyph

grooved panel, part of a doric frieze. alternates with metopes

tykhe

personification of fortune

volute

the distinctive lower part of an ionic capital

zeus ammon

combination of zeus and the egyptian god ammon, worshipped at the city of cyrene, later associated with alexander the great. shown as a beard man with the horns of a ram

eidolon

greek word for ghost, also meant image

seige engines

-Essentially towers on wheels that could trundle up to a city wall with a battering ramwhile raining havoc upon the houses on the other side. Catapults and ballistas (gaintwheeled crossbows) soon followed

Ganthia technique

techniquein which colors are painted directly onto the black glaze

telamons

giganticmale figures at the temple of olympian zeus, akragas

Poseidonia

is also known as paestum, and is now italy

etruscans

-a fewmiles to the north of poseidoia, and later, another indigenous people called the lucanians

-riposte

(a quick clever reply to an insult or criticism.)