Implantology Midterm Questions

Front 1

an implant component that lies between the implant and the crown

Back 1

Abutment

Front 2

an impression taken after an abutment has been delivered clinically.

Back 2

Abutment-level impression

Front 3

the screw that clamps the abutment onto the implant.

Back 3

Abutment screw

Front 4

a prefabricated abutment that is angled from the implant body to counter inclination of implants.

Back 4

Angled abutment

Front 5

a radiopaque powder material utilized in radiographic templates to visualize diagnostic teeth.

Back 5

Barium sulfate

Front 6

flat, small implants that are inserted into a cut in the bone.

Back 6

Blade implants

Front 7

a restoration cemented on abutments

Back 7

Cemented prosthesis

Front 8

a software-assisted radiographic technique that produces an exact cross-sectional view of the mandible or maxilla.

Back 8

Computed tomography (CT scanning)

Front 9

the screw that blocks the implant entrance during the healing period after surgery.

Back 9

Cover screw

Front 10

the distance between the implant platform and the edges of the extraction socket. Usually used with reference to feasibility of immediate implant placement.

Back 10

Critical space

Front 11

an abutment that is custom-made in the laboratory.

Back 11

Custom abutment (also called UCLA abutment)

Front 12

the subgingival change in shape of the abutment and/or the crown, between the implant platform and its emergence from gingival tissues.

Back 12

Emergence profile

Front 13

an implant-to-abutment attachment that sits on top of the implant platform. A common shape is the external hexagon attachment.

Back 13

External connection

Front 14

often used to describe the screw retaining the crown of a screw-retained prosthesis. Other screws also contain gold.

Back 14

Gold screw

Front 15

a temporary abutment that is used in place of a cover screw after an implant has been inserted and removed before the restoration is placed.

Back 15

Healing abutment

Front 16

an arbitrary scale of values assigned to various radiopaque densities, when using computed tomography.

Back 16

Hounsfield numbers

Front 17

the placement of an implant at the time of tooth extraction.

Back 17

Immediate implant placement

Front 18

a technique in which implants are restored, and thus, loaded, at the time of their placement.

Back 18

Immediate loading

Front 19

a titanium device placed in the bone that replaces the root of a tooth and enables the attachment of a prosthesis.

Back 19

implant

Front 20

a method in which an impression is taken at the time of surgical placement.

Back 20

implant indexing

Front 21

an impression taken with copings that fit onto implants directly. No abutments are present.

Back 21

Implant-level impression

Front 22

A label for implants that are functional and satisfactory at the time of examination.

Back 22

Implant success

Front 23

A label for implants that are in the mouth at the time of examination, regardless of the state of the prosthesis or patient satisfaction.

Back 23

Implant survival

Front 24

– a device used when taking impressions that fits on the implant and enables the capture and duplication of the implant position onto a stone model.

Back 24

Impression coping

Front 25

an implant-to-abutment attachment that is placed inside the implant body. These are found, for example, in internal friction systems.

Back 25

Internal connection

Front 26

a system in which abutments are retained by friction against the inner walls of the implant.

Back 26

Internal friction system

Front 27

a radiographic method used to obtain cross-sectional images in which the radiographic source and film rotate around the plane of interest.

Back 27

Linear tomography

Front 28

a measurement of the forces exerted onto implants or teeth.

Back 28

Load

Front 29

irreversible microscopic changes that occur in the metal of implants and components when an excessive force is applied. Fatigue often leads to fracture.

Back 29

Mechanical fatigue

Front 30

a reversible condition characterized by gingival inflammation around implants without evidence of bone resorption.

Back 30

Mucositis

Front 31

implants that are exposed to the oral cavity on the day of placement.

Back 31

One-stage implants

Front 32

the attachment of bone to the surface of an implant

Back 32

Osseointegration

Front 33

the surgical procedure of drilling into bone.

Back 33

Osteotomy

Front 34

the placement of a multi-unit restoration onto the implant complex without resistance or distortion.

Back 34

Passive fit

Front 35

progressive bone loss and inflammatory tissue pathology that results from plaque accumulation and bacterial infiltration around implants.

Back 35

Peri-implantitis

Front 36

flat, mesh-like implants that lie on the osseous surface.

Back 36

Periosteal implants

Front 37

an impression coping that is automatically retained in the impression after removal.

Back 37

Pickup coping

Front 38

a manufactured abutment that arrives with a set collar height, taper, and/or angulation.

Back 38

Prefabricated abutment

Front 39

the clamping force that is applied by a screw between the implant and its abutment.

Back 39

Preload

Front 40

an abutment that is received as a straight cylinder with no taper or margin level. Preparation is required to set height, angulation, taper, and margins.

Back 40

Prepable abutment (also called prepable post)

Front 41

– a technique in which a provisional restoration is placed shortly after implant placement.

Back 41

Progressive loading

Front 42

an acrylic appliance worn by a patient during a radiographic analysis. It incorporates radiopaque markers to visualize diagnostic teeth and potential implant sites on the films.

Back 42

Radiographic template- can be saved and modified into a surgical guide

Front 43

a clinical procedure in which soft tissue is measured at several locations of an edentulous ridge. Measurements can be reported on a drawing or a model to estimate the width of underlying bone architecture.

Back 43

Ridge mapping

Front 44

cylinder or screw-shaped implants. They are the most common implants used today.

Back 44

Root-form implants

Front 45

an acrylic appliance worn by a patient during a computed tomography scanning that incorporates radiopaque material (ie, barium sulfate) to visualize diagnostic teeth.

Back 45

Scannographic template

Front 46

a restoration affixed on abutments or implants using screws in place of cement.

Back 46

Screw-retained prosthesis

Front 47

an augmentation technique used when the maxilla lacks sufficient vertical bone for implant placement.

Back 47

Sinus floor elevation

Front 48

implants that are joined by a bar to enable attachment to a removable prosthesis.

Back 48

Splinted implants

Front 49

an acrylic appliance used during surgery that indicates where the ideal implant placements must be for restorative purposes.

Back 49

Surgical guide

Front 50

a lightweight, soft, noncorroding metal used to make implants.

Back 50

Titanium

Front 51

the amount of turning force placed on screws at delivery.

Back 51

Torque

Front 52

an impression coping that remains on the implant complex after the impression is removed. It needs to be removed and placed onto the impression manually.

Back 52

Transfer coping

Front 53

implants that are covered by the gingival immediately after placement. A second surgery is necessary to uncover them

Back 53

Two-stage implants

Front 54

Implants are most often made of

Back 54

Titanium

Front 55

The rough surface of implants is

Back 55

Desirable for improved osseointegration

Front 56

Osseointegration means

Back 56

40% to 50% bone/implant contact

Front 57

The first event leading to osseointegration that occurs after implant placement is

Back 57

Formation of a blood clot

Front 58

Excessive force on implant crowns results in:

Back 58

Fatigue of implant components, leading to fracture

Front 59

Preload is

Back 59

Tension placed by screws to protect implant components from displacing forces

Front 60

Plaque and calculus

Back 60

Accumulate on implants similarly to teeth

Front 61

Connective tissue fibers around the implant neck are

Back 61

Parallel to the implant surface

Front 62

Peri-implantitis:

Back 62

preads rapidly to bone

Front 63

Implant survival

Back 63

Means that an implant is still present in the mouth after a period of time

Front 64

The minimum interarch space for a fixed implant-supported prosthesis is:

Back 64

7 mm

Front 65

Ridge mapping measures

Back 65

Soft tissue thickness clinically to deduce bone width

Front 66

Panoramic radiographs are useful for

Back 66

Ruling out bony pathologies and estimating bone availability

Front 67

Linear tomography

Back 67

Can deliver cross-sections in any part of the mouth

Front 68

Computed tomography

Back 68

Is the most precise radiographic technique

Front 69

Hounsfield numbers are

Back 69

Arbitrary numbers set for tissue density on computed tomograms

Front 70

Radiographic templates are

Back 70

Used to visualize diagnostic teeth

Front 71

A scannographic template is

Back 71

An aide for visualizing diagnostic teeth on a computed tomography image

Front 72

Which of the following statements about bone quality is true?
A. D4 bone is the densest bone
B. D1 bone is the densest bone
C. There is a direct correlation between bone density and implant survival rate
D. Bone quality is determined precisely based on Hounsfield numbers

Back 72

D1 bone is the densest bone

Front 73

When selecting an implant:

Back 73

At least 1 mm of bone lingual and buccal of the implant must remain for it to survive

Front 74

Screw-retained prostheses possess the following advantages:

Back 74

Ease of retrieval

Front 75

Cemented prostheses possess the following advantages

Back 75

Ease of fabrication

Front 76

Connecting implants and teeth

Back 76

Should be avoided whenever possible, but can be performed with careful consideration

Front 77

When treatment planning edentulous cases

Back 77

The decision between a fixed or removable prosthesis depends in part upon arch shape

Front 78

Distal cantilevers on implant prostheses are

Back 78

To be avoided whenever possible and limited to short spans

Front 79

Immediate implant placement is

Back 79

The placement of an implant at the time of tooth extraction

Front 80

Immediate loading is

Back 80

The placement of a restoration at the time of implant placement

Front 81

Provisional restorations

Back 81

Should not rest on bone grafts or newly placed implants

Front 82

Bone grafting

Back 82

Works best to augment ridge width

Front 83

Gingival grafts should be performed

Back 83

Prior to fabricating the final restoration

Front 84

Implants are...

Back 84

replacement tooth roots

Front 85

implants are attached to the bone through a process called

Back 85

osseointegration

Front 86

implants are made of this metal

Back 86

titanium

Front 87

what are some advantages of having the implants threaded

Back 87

-helps transfer bitting force to surrounding bone
-enhance placement
-enhance stability

Front 88

through osseointegration about what percentage of the implant is in direct contact with the bone?

Back 88

40-50%

Front 89

whats a clinical sign if the implant is not osseointegrated?

Back 89

slight mobility

Front 90

the titanium surface must be smoothed or roughened for better bone attachment?

Back 90

roughened-blasted

Front 91

what are the events leading to osseointegration?

Back 91

-blood clot forms between bone and implant
-inflammation
-fibrous mesh attaches to implant
-bone cells form extracellular compenents
-bone mineralization

Front 92

over time what happens between the bone and implant with osseointegration?

Back 92

-bone continually remodels and is denser than its surrounding
-the ceramic oxide layer of the implant thickens

Front 93

are abutments necessary with all implants?

Back 93

No, some restorations are screwed directly into the implant

Front 94

what are the 2 main categories for implants

Back 94

root-form implants
periosteal and blade implants

Front 95

abutments for internal connections may be shaped like what

Back 95

-crown prepped toot=cemented restoration
-central hole for a screw=screw retained crowns

Front 96

what are the stages for root-form implants?

Back 96

one-stage
two-stage

Front 97

can two stage implants be exposed on initial implantation?

Back 97

Yes, with the use of a healing abutment

Front 98

what is a major difference between periosteal and blade implants with root-form implants

Back 98

the abutment and implant are not separable, and come as one.

Front 99

whats the purpose of torque?

Back 99

stretches the screw slightly, preventing implant components from moving. As a result, the components are protected from force injuries

Front 100

what happens if not enough torque is applied?

Back 100

will lead to loosening. If undetected clinically, loosening leads to abutment mobility, which can cause screws to bend and, ultimately, to fracture.

Front 101

too much toque leads to what?

Back 101

will cause screw distortion, which can also lead to fracture.

Front 102

preload determines what?

Back 102

whether a screw retains the crown or an abutment.

Front 103

if forces are low and remain in the elastic range of the implant and its components does mechanical fatigue occur?

Back 103

No

Front 104

can overload be detected clinically?

Back 104

no, only during maintenance, after screw loosening or the component has already fractured.

Front 105

what are the differences between implants and teeth?

Back 105

• Unlike teeth, implants lack healing capacities.
• Implants do not have a periodontal ligament.
• The barrier to the oral cavity is rather different around implants, principally because of a missing connective tissue attachment.

Front 106

Plaque accumulation and bacterial infiltration may result in

Back 106

peri-implantitis

Front 107

gingival attachment is comprised of a

Back 107

junctional epithelium (1-2 mm) and a connective tissue attachment (∼1 mm).

Front 108

blood vessels for teeth arise from the periodontium and the periosteum, though for implants, the blood vessels only arise from which?

Back 108

periosteum

Front 109

clinical signs or peri-implantitis

Back 109

more severe than periodontitis. Gingival inflammation may resemble a periodontal abscess, and suppuration and bleeding upon probing can occur.

Front 110

peri-implantitis can spread to the bone rapidly because of what

Back 110

ack of connective tissue resistance and diminished blood supply

Front 111

in peri-implantitis, once bone is loss, can it be reversed?

Back 111

no, unless bone regeneration was attempted

Front 112

reversible form of peri-implantitis

Back 112

mucositis

Front 113

In one-stage implants that have high, smooth collars, coronal bone remodels to the

Back 113

smooth/rough surface connection.

Front 114

to keep the papaillae and bone height between 2 implants at least how far apart should they be placed?

Back 114

3mm

Front 115

when does a peri-implant deep sulcus arise?

Back 115

when the implant is placed more apically than the adjacent teeth-it is stable

Front 116

In order to prevent bone remodeling downwards along the implant, displacement of the implant/abutment connection is placed where?

Back 116

towards the center of the implant

Front 117

how is the implant/abutment connection towards the center achieved?

Back 117

by creating a bevel, or by “platform switch” which consists of placing an abutment narrower than the implant platform.

Front 118

A nonfunctional implant requiring additional treatment is counted in the surviving group or success group?

Back 118

surviving

Front 119

what are some systemic conditions that need to be taken into consideration when considering implants?

Back 119

Smoking
Diabetes
Osteoporosis
Age
Head and Neck Radiotherapy
Immunocompromised Patients
Psychological conditions

Front 120

How does smoking affect implants?

Back 120

postsurgical healing is poor
peri-implantitis is more frequent

Front 121

what type of diabetes is CI for implants?

Back 121

uncontrolled

Front 122

what should be considered for diabetics going in for implant surgery?

Back 122

prescribing antibiotics

Front 123

Is osteoporosis a CI for implants?

Back 123

no, it may be beneficial as it increases bone density around the implant

Front 124

when should implants be given to young patients and why?

Back 124

after growth is complete, as the implant will not follow the growth progression

Front 125

what is the failure rate with pts who have had radiation?

Back 125

30%

Front 126

are immunocrompromised pts CI for implants, survey says...

Back 126

NERP

Front 127

what should happen to high expectations?

Back 127

toned down because of possible dissapointment

Front 128

what are some early considerations needed in a dental evaluation for implants to be considered?

Back 128

-FMX or PANoRAM
-perio charting, and caries detection
-Tx Plan should take diseases into consideration
-OH must be great

Front 129

what are the main focuses in a dental examination relevant to implant therapy?

Back 129

-Arch Shapes and Sizes
-Maximum Intercuspation, CR, and Occlusal Interferences
-Anterior Guidance
-Wear Facets and other parafunctional habits
-Interarch relationships
-Adjacent teeth
-Esthetic evaluation
-Diagnostic casts and wax ups

Front 130

Interarch space needed: posterior fixed implant supported prosthesis

Back 130

7mm

Front 131

Interarch space needed: anterior fixed implant supported prosthesis

Back 131

8-10mm

Front 132

Interarch space needed: implant-retained removable prosthesis

Back 132

12mm

Front 133

for an implant, how much space is needed for the teeth that will be adjacent to the implant?

Back 133

at least 7mm

Front 134

the clinical examination includes what?

Back 134

EVALUATION OF:
-tissue health
-attached gingiva
-ridges

Front 135

how much bone in a buccal lingual direction should surround the implant?

Back 135

1mm on the buccal and lingual surfaces

Front 136

They are utilized to estimate bone quantity and quality, as well as the presence of anatomic limitations (eg, mandibular nerve or maxillary sinus).

Back 136

Panoramic Radiographs

Front 137

when considering implants in the mandibular anterior region what special radiograph is ordered

Back 137

lateral cephalogram

Front 138

Things to look for in radiographic images

Back 138

-the scout view
-the tilt
-the window
-the window level
-the window width
-

Front 139

shows how the patient was positioned on the table, and the angulations (called “tilt”) of the axial views with regard to the jaw positions. The slice thickness is also indicated, as well as the magnification ratio

Back 139

scout view

Front 140

The scanner acquires images using gray contrasts in Hounsfield units . What the clinician sees is a portion of the gray spectrum called the ...

Back 140

window

Front 141

o Level-(width/2) is the lowest Hounsfield unit within the window. All Hounsfield densities below that level are _______ on the image

Back 141

black

Front 142

o Level+(width/2) is the maximum Hounsfield unit within the window. All densities above that level are ______.

Back 142

white

Front 143

what are some advantages of reading images with software?

Back 143

-Multiple views can be seen at once,
-virtual implants may be positioned on the screen for better diagnosis.
- evaluation of relative bone density
-measurements of distances and angles, -localization of vital structures,
-estimation of volumes.

Front 144

Bone quality is best evaluated using what?

Back 144

CT scan

Front 145

Bone Quality: CLass I/D1

Back 145

compact bone

Front 146

Bone Quality: CLass II/D2

Back 146

cortical bone surrounding trabecular bone

Front 147

Bone Quality: CLass III/D3

Back 147

thin compact bone surrounding cancellous/trabecular bone

Front 148

Bone Quality: CLass IV/D4

Back 148

thin and spongy canellous bone

Front 149

Class IV/D4 bone quality is associated with what

Back 149

higher implant loss

Front 150

Class I/D1 is associated with what clinically

Back 150

poor blood supply

Front 151

Bone Volume Classification: A

Back 151

most intact edentulous archecture where bone volume is present in all directions

Front 152

Bone Volume Classification: D

Back 152

most atrophic

Front 153

about how much bone volume is lost in the first yr after an extraction?

Back 153

25%

Front 154

what is impossible to recover from? Loss of bone width or bone height?

Back 154

bone height

Front 155

what does a removable prosthesis do to bone resorption over time?

Back 155

increases it

Front 156

how far should the implant be in the mandibular posterior area?

Back 156

at least 2mm from the nerve

Front 157

Many implant drill systems extend 1.5-2 mm beyond the implant length (due to the shape of the drill tip). This means that the implant apex must remain at least ____ mm from the canal.

Back 157

4mm

Front 158

how much space in the BL ridge dimension should there be for an implant?

Back 158

1mm each side, so for a 4mm implant, 6mm in the BL dimension is needed

Front 159

how much space is needed on either side of the implant in a MD dimension?

Back 159

1.5mm, so for a 4mm implant, 7mm in a MD dimension is needed

Front 160

For posterior teeth, implant angulation should allow the implant's long axis to emerge from the

Back 160

center of the occlusal surface

Front 161

For anterior teeth, the angulation should allow the long axis to emerge through

Back 161

cinguli.

Front 162

in what orientation should multiple implants be placed and how far apart

Back 162

parallel when possible
3mm apart

Front 163

In Tx planning, what must be completed before implant planning begins?

Back 163

-initial disease control phase
-periodontal problems
-endodontic problems
-caries control and oral hygiene instructions.

Front 164

_______ ______ and _______are necessary for visualizing and selecting a prosthetic design. These can also be used during treatment presentation to help patients understand their condition.

Back 164

diagnostic casts and wax-ups

Front 165

what should be avoided with implants, unless its absolutely necessary?

Back 165

connecting implants with other teeth
using the implant as a cantilever

Front 166

For edentulous cases, interarch space may be increased by opening the...

Back 166

vertical dimension of occlusion.

Front 167

implant-retained prostheses for partially edentulous cases are ______ restorations.

Back 167

fixed

Front 168

how are prosthesis attached to implants?

Back 168

screw retained-the prosthesis has a chimney where the screw is attached to

Front 169

Advantages of a Screw-Retained Prosthesis

Back 169

-Ease of fit-checking prior to delivery.
-Absence of subgingival cement that may remain and irritate tissues.
-Ease of retrieval for maintenance and repair.

Front 170

Advantages of a Cemented Prosthesis

Back 170

-Ease of fabrication because laboratory steps are identical to those used for a traditional prosthesis.
-Esthetics because of the absence of screw-access occlusal holes.
-Metal and porcelain thickness on occlusal platforms.

Front 171

what should be considered when considering a fixed or removable prosthesis?

Back 171

-Feasibility of placing multiple implants
-Necessity of supporting lips with a flange
-Arch form
-Access to implants during home care
-Ease of home maintenance
-Cost

Front 172

how many implants are needed for a fixed prosthesis?

Back 172

4-if 4 cant be placed then go with a removable

Front 173

if theres ridge resorption why must a removable prosthesis needed?

Back 173

for lip support, a fixed one wont be able to provide sufficient lip support

Front 174

if implants are in a row because of a narrow arch which is better, removable or fixed?

Back 174

removable

Front 175

in a fixed prosthesis what is more preferred, porcelain or acrylic?

Back 175

porcelain, because its more durable and better esthetics

Front 176

repairs are easier to perform on porcelain or acrylic?

Back 176

acrylic

Front 177

whats better for resorbed ridges? porcelain or acrylic?

Back 177

acrylic

Front 178

2 ways to connect a removable prosthesis to the implant

Back 178

splinted
nonsplinted

Front 179

joined by a bar that enables attachment to the prosthesis

Back 179

splinted removable

Front 180

how are nonsplinted implants attached to a removable prosthesis?

Back 180

by an abutment

Front 181

how much space is needed for splinted implants?

Back 181

12mm

Front 182

if 2 implants are present which is preferred? splinted or nonsplinted

Back 182

nonsplinted

Front 183

can a denture be retrofitted for a nonsplinted implant?

Back 183

yes

Front 184

2 types of biotype tissues

Back 184

-thick and flat
-Thin and scalloped

Front 185

what is the most common tissue biotype?

Back 185

thick and flat

Front 186

_____ _______ is necessary when bone width or height is inadequate for receiving an implant.

Back 186

bone grafting

Front 187

obtaining bone height or width is more predictable?

Back 187

bone width

Front 188

how much at best can be obtained in bone height from grating

Back 188

2mm

Front 189

______ ____________ ________ is an augmentation technique used when there is insufficient vertical bone for implant placement in maxillary posterior areas

Back 189

Sinus floor elevation

Front 190

what are some sources of bone grafts

Back 190

-autogenous sources (ie, chin, hip),
-allografts (ie, demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft),
-xenografts (of bovine origin),
-biomaterials.

Front 191

After tooth extraction, the ideal waiting period for placement of an implant is __ weeks.

Back 191

8

Front 192

Originally, it was necessary to wait up to 6 months after inserting an implant before beginning restoration. Due to improvements in implant surfaces, the waiting period has been shortened to _____ weeks for many implant systems

Back 192

6-12

Front 193

Two-stage implants usually require a surgical re-entry after placement in order to uncover them. There should be a waiting period of at least ___ weeks after uncovery for gingival tissues to heal. The second surgery can, in some cases, be avoided by placing a _______ ___________ at the time of implant insertion.

Back 193

6 weeks
Healing Abutment

Front 194

Grafting procedures should be executed when?

Back 194

as early as possible in order to evaluate their outcome and repeat an augmentation if necessary.

Front 195

Depending upon the case, bone grafts may be placed at the time of implant placement or _____ months prior to implantation

Back 195

4-6

Front 196

when can implantation and bone grafting be done at the same time?

Back 196

if primary stability of the implant can be obtained and minimal grafting is necessary.

Front 197

For one-stage implants, gingival augmentation procedures should be performed

Back 197

prior to implant placement.

Front 198

For two-stage implants, gingival grafting can be done at

Back 198

all times before the implant uncovering procedure.

Front 199

Once an abutment and a crown have been delivered, when can gingival augmentation be performed?

Back 199

it is too late to recommend gingival augmentation

Front 200

when can simultaneous implantation and sinus grafting are performed?

Back 200

when bone height is sufficient to obtain primary stability but insufficient to accommodate the length of the implant.

Front 201

placement of an implant at the time of extraction

Back 201

Immediate implant placement

Front 202

two main concerns when regarding immediate implant placement

Back 202

-primary stability
-critical space

Front 203

immediate implant placement: primary stability

Back 203

After extraction, the implant must engage 5 mm or more bone, either apically (such as in the case of a lateral incisor), or horizontally (such as in the case of the inter-radicular area of posterior teeth)

Front 204

immediate implant placement: critical space

Back 204

This is the distance between the implant platform and the edges of the extraction socket. It should be <2 mm.

Front 205

placement of a final prosthesis shortly after implant placement, typically at the same visit or within 24 hours.

Back 205

immediate loading

Front 206

similar to immediate loading, but describes the placement of a provisional restoration.

Back 206

progressive loading

Front 207

implant with longest period of clinical trial

Back 207

subperiosteal

Front 208

best indicated implant for edentulous mandible

Back 208

subperiosteal

Front 209

Branemark's keys to osseointegration

Back 209

atraumtatic surgery (less than 47 deg C)
1mm bone B&L at crest
no micro-movement
adequate healing time (3-6 months)

Front 210

branemark made what kind of implants

Back 210

endosteal

Front 211

endosteal implant system

Back 211

commercially pure Ti
screw implant
2 stage implant placement protocol using controlled surgical technique
well established animal and human documentation

Front 212

did branemark use 1 or 2 stage implants

Back 212

2

Front 213

criteria for implant success

Back 213

immobile when tested clinically
BL less than .2mm annually following first year
absence of irreversible signs and symptoms (pain etc)
no radio evidence of peri-implantitis

Front 214

post branemark implants

Back 214

ITI-implant
core-vent
cacitek

Front 215

ITI-implant

Back 215

single stage
immediate penetration into oral cavity

Front 216

core vent

Back 216

titanium-aluminum alloy
controlled surgical technique with two stage design
poor initial data

Front 217

calcitek

Back 217

HA coated titanium
press form
HA may promote earlier bone appostion?