Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is the mechanism of opiod analgesics?
|
act as agonists at opiod receptors to modulate synaptic transmission
|
|
|
what opiod works at the mu receptor?
|
morphine
|
|
|
what opiod works at the delta receptor?
|
enkaphalin
|
|
|
what opoid workds at the kappa receptor?
|
dynorphin
|
|
|
how do you treat opiod toxicity?
|
naloxone or naltrexone (opiod receptor antagonists)
|
|
|
what is contraindicated in morphine overdose?
|
O2 - might contribute to respiratory failure
|
|
|
toxicity of opiods?
|
respiratory depression, miosis (pinpoint pupils), additive CNS depression with other drugs, constipation, addiction
|
|
|
how do NSAIDs work?
|
reversibly inhibit COX-1 and COX-2; block prostaglandin synthesis
|
|
|
what is used to close a PDA?
|
indomethacin
|
|
|
toxicity of NSAIDs?
|
renal damage, aplastic anemia, GI distress, ulcers
|
|
|
how do celecoxib, valdecoxib work?
|
selectively inhibit COX-2, which is found in inflammatory cells and mediates inflammation and pain
|
|
|
why should COX 2 inhibitors not have the corrosive effects of other NSAIDs on the GI lining?
|
spares COX-1, which helps maintain the gastric mucosa
|
|
|
what are COX 2 inhibitors used for?
|
rheumatoid and osteoarthritis
|
|
|
what is the mechanism of acetominaphen?
|
reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase, mostly in CNS; inactivated peripherally
|
|
|
what is the antidote for acetominaphen toxicity?
|
N-acetylcysteine
|
|
|
what drug is used for acute gout?
|
colchicine
|
|
|
this gout drug depolymerizes microtubules, impairing leukocyte chemotaxis and degranulation
|
colchicine
|
|
|
what acute gout drug is less toxic than colchicine and therefore is used more frequently?
|
indomethacin
|
|
|
this drug is used for chronic gout - it inhibits resorption of uric acid
|
probenecid
|
|
|
what gout drug inhibits secretion of penicillin?
|
probenecid
|
|
|
what is the mechanism of allopurinol? what is it used for?
|
inhibits xanthine oxidase, decreasing conversion of xanthine to uric acid; used for chronic gout (when under control)
|
|
|
what gout drug is also used in lymphoma and leukemia to revent tumor lysis-associated nephropathy?
|
allopurinol
|
|
|
what is etanercept?
|
recombinant form of human TNF receptor that binds TNF-alpha
|
|
|
what is etanercept used for?
|
RA, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis
|
|
|
what is infliximab?
|
TNF-alpha antibody
|
|
|
what is infliximab used for?
|
Crohn's disease, RA, ankylosing spondylitis
|
|
|
this drug binds to cyclophilins, and the complex blocks the differentiation and activation of T cells by inhibiting calcineurin, thus preventing production of IL-2 and its receptor
|
cyclosporine
|
|
|
when is cyclosporine used?
|
suppresses organ rejection after transplantation; selected AI disorders
|
|
|
the nephrotoxicity associated with cyclosporine is preventable with what?
|
mannitol diuresis
|
|
|
what toxicity is associated with cyclosporine?
|
predisposes to viral infections and lymphoma
|
|
|
what is the mechanism of action of tacrolimus (FK-506)? what drug is it similar to?
|
binds to FK-binding protein, inhibiting secretion of IL-2 and other cytokines; similar in action to cyclosporine
|
|
|
what is tacrolimus used for?
|
potent immunosuppressive used in organ transplant recipients
|
|
|
what toxicities are associated with tacrolimus?
|
significant nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, pleural effusion, hyperglycemia
|
|
|
this drug is an antimetabolite derivative of 6-mercaptopurine that interferes with the metabolism and synthesis of nucleic acids; it is toxic to proliferating lymphocytes
|
azathioprine
|
|
|
when is azathioprine used?
|
kidney transplants; AI disorders including glomerulonephritis and hemolytic anemia
|
|
|
toxic effects of this drug may be increased by allopurinol
|
azathioprine - active metabolite mercaptopurine is metabolized by xanthine oxidase
|
|
|
what is the major toxicity associated with azathioprine?
|
bone marrow suppression
|
|
|
acetomeniphen metabolite depletes what in the liver?
|
glutahione and forms toxic tissue adducts
|
|
|
low doses of uricosuric agents and salicylates do what to the serum uric acid concentration?
|
increase it
|
