Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Colicins are antibacterial proteins secreted by
|
commercial Escherichia coli bacteria that protect the lining of the colon.
|
|
|
B-defensins are antimicrobial peptides secreted by
|
Epithelial cells of the epidermis
|
|
|
As soon as pathogens penetrate the surface barrier to initiate an infection, which mechanism is one of the first defense mechanisms used to eliminate these pathogens?
|
Alternative pathway
|
|
|
The first step of the complement alternative pathway involves the continual low rate of the spontaneous hydrolysis and activation of
|
C3
|
|
|
Which of the following are components of the innate immune system?
|
Mannose binding lectin pathway
& Alternative complement pathway |
|
|
Specific antibody binding to surface molecules of pathogenic cells is required to activate which complement pathway?
|
Classical
|
|
|
On sensing the presence of pathogens through Toll-like and other receptors, macrophages are stimulated to secrete which of the following cytokines and other substances?
|
-IL-1 and IL-6
-CXCL8 -IL-12 -Tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
|
|
Which of the following inflammatory cytokines secreted by activated macrophages activates the vascular endothelium?
|
IL-1Beta and TNF-alpha
|
|
|
Which of the following are induced by TNF-alpha secreted by macrophages in the spleen and liver in response to gram negative bacteria that have entered the human blood stream?
|
-A state of shock that can lead to organ failure
-dilation of blood vessels and massive leakage of serum into tissues throughout the body -widespread blood clotting in capillaries |
|
|
The cytokines IL-12 released by macrophage serve to activate
|
-Activates NK cells
|
