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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epitope
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naturally ocurring antigenic determinant
Example: protein |
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Hapten
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artificial, made in laboratory
Ex: di-nitro phenol (DNP) |
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(Conjugate Hapten Carrier Complex
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too small to stimulate an immune response, so complex it w/ a protein to make it large enough to be recognized
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Intrinsic Antigen Characteristics
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***Characteristics of the antigen***
-Must be "perceived" as foreign -Chemical composition -Molecular weight -Molecular or structural complexity -Digestibility |
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Extrinsic Antigen Characteristics
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***Factors that are different from the antigen***
-the host itself -the route of exposure -the dose -the incorporation of adjuvants |
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Adjuvants
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enhance an immune response
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Cross Reactions
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-Similar Shape
-Shared antigenic determinants |
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Vaccines
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-A preventative measure
-Artificially active acquire immunity |
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Infection
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the colonization or establishment of microorganisms in or on the body
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Intoxication
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Produces toxins in the body
ex: diptheria & tetanus produce toxins in the blood |
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Extracellular parasitism
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Organism enters the body but does not invade hte cells (HMI)
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Intracellular parasitism
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Organism enters the cells to cause an infection (CMI)
-Viruses |
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Kinds of Vaccines
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-Kill or inactivate the causative agent
-Living mircroorganisms / active viruses but avirulent (attenuated) - Sub-unit vaccines --> take just a portion |
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Subunit Vaccines
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-Use "component" of causative agent
-Purify & treat so as to remove toxicity -Purify "structural" elements -Can be problematic |
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Recombinant Vaccines
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1.) Recombinant antigen vaccines
2.) Recombinant vector vaccines 3.) DNA vaccines |
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Recombinant Antigen Vaccine
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-The plasmid with the gene encoding hte protective Ag is placed into a yeast cell (saccharomyces cerevisiae) where it causes the production of the protective Ag
-Only the protective Ag made from the cell is used as teh vaccine injected in hte patient |
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Recombinant Vector Vaccine
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-Inject the entire cell, not just the protective Ag, into hte patient
-Use many cell types -Use virus / bacteria as a shuttle bus or vector to take the gene into hte host to be expressed |
