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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the only defense of the adaptive immune system to extracellular microbes?
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antibodies
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What combined sections actually bind to antibodies?
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the variable regions of heavy and light chains working together
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when is antibody diversity generated?
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this is generated during B cell development in the bone marrow
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What determines the class or isotype of an antibody?
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the constrant regions of the H chains.
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What are immunoglobulin supergene families?
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these are proteins that contain one or more domains that share a degree of sequence homology
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What is a Fab?
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this is an antigen binding fragment, each anti body can produce two. they are essentially the two arms with the variability regions, that can bind antigens.
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What is an FcR?
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this is the Fragment Constant Receptor- the different functions of antibodies is due to the FcR
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What determines the classes of antibodies? how are they named?
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constant regions of an immunoglobulin heavy chain determine the class of antibody.
the isotype name IgG for instance, is associated with a Gamma heavy chain |
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What do Fc receptors do? what are they?
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these function in the activation of particular immune cells.
they are cell surface antibodies |
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Where are secreted antibodies present in?
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mucosal secretions
intersisital fluid plasma (specifically found around clots- anti serum is serum with antibodies in it) |
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What are the 6 effector functions of immunoglobulins?
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B lymphocyte activation
Complement activation Neutralization Opsonization Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity Mast cell degranulation |
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What two IG's make up the B cell receptor?
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Ig-alpha and IG beta.
when an antigen cross links these two, it functions as the signal |
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What complement pathway do some antibodies activate? what types of infections do they attack?
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this will activate the classical pathway
these work against bacterial infection |
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How do antibodies neutralize things
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they bind to viruses and it prevents attachment to host surfaces by taking up the binding sites.
also can bind an inactivate toxic components |
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What does opsonization by antibodies do?
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this enhances phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils. works best against "slippery" bacteria/ encaspulated ones
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Do mast cells participate in ADCC (antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity)?
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no they do not, as mast cells are not directly related to killing an organism
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What form is IgM SECRETED in?
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this is secreted as a pentamer
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What are the 3 major qualities of IgM
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This is the first antibody secreted during primary response
Potent activator of complement Serves as antigen receptor on unactivated B cells |
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What Ig in its monomeric form serves as the antigen receptor on unactivated B cells?
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IgM
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What is the most abundant Ig class?
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IgG (80% total serum Ig)
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What Ig has the longest half life?
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IgG- about 25 days
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What are the half lifes for all the IG's?
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IgM- 5 days
IgG- 25 days IgA- 6 days IgE- 2-3 days IgD- 3 days |
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What Ig is secreted during a primary response?
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IgM
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what Ig is secreted during a memory response?
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IgG
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What are the 4 main effects of IgG
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secreted during a Memory response
crosses the placenta opsonizes antigens activates compliment classical pathway |
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What is the most Secreted Ig?
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IgA
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What are the 3 main qualities of IgA?
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half of secreted antibodies
secreted during a memory response Predominate class of external secretions (as a dimer)- saliva, tears, mucus and such |
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What are the main responses of IgE?
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this binds FceR receptors on basophils and mast cells-
used in inflammation/allergen reactions also parasite defense |
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What Ig is used in parasite defense?
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IgE
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What does IgD do?
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this functions in B cell activation
also serves and a membrane bound antigen on unactivated B cells |
