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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Innate Immune System:
Response time? Specificity? Response to repeat infection? Major components? |
Response Time: Hours
Specificity: Limited and fixed Response to repeat infection: Identical to first. Major Components: Barriers, phagocytes, PRMs (pattern recognition molecules), Complement, NK cells |
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Adaptive Immune System:
Response time? Specificity? Response to repeat infection? Major components? |
Response Time: Days
Specificity: Diverse, improves Response to repeat infection: More rapid Major Components: T and B cells, antigen-specific receptors, antibodies |
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5 types of protections innate immunity provides.
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- Physical
- Physiological - Phagocytosis/endocytosis - Non-specific chemical response - Inflammatory response |
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4 traits of skin (innate) that make it inhospitable to organisms.
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- Shedding of outer cells
- pH 5-6 (slightly acidic) - High NaCl concentration - Subject to drying |
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2 traits of mucous membranes (in innate immune response)
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- Antimicrobial secretions
- MALT (mucous-associated lympohoid tissue) |
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Innate effectiveness impacted by:
Direct? Indirect? |
Direct: nutrition, physiology, fever, age, genetics
Indirect: Hygiene, socioeconomic status, living conditions |
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3 important cytokines that stimulate fever.
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IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a
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What is the chief producer of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a in innate immunity?
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Macrophages
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List some important phagocytic cells (4)
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Monocytes
Tissue Macrophages Dendritic Cells Neutrophils |
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Two methods that a phagocyte can recognize microbe.
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Opsonin-independent
Opsonin-dependent |
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List some important endocytotic cells (5)
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Tissue Macrophages
Blood Monocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Dendritic Cells |
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4 types of non-specific chemical responses in innate immunity.
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Lysozyme (hydrolysis of peptidoglycan)
Lactoferrin, trandferring (bind iron) Cationic peptides (disrupt membranes, interfere with transport) Bacteriocins |
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Where are bacteriocins (innate) produced?
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Normal microbiota in the gut.
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Two types of Interferons. Who produces them?
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Type I - alpha, beta, tau - virus infected cells
Type II - gamma - NK and T cells |
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3 responses in the inflammatory response (innate)
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- Capillary expansion
- Increased permeability - Edema - leukocytes and plasma protein enters cells |
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B Cells - Humoral or Cell Mediated?
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Humoral
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True or False: Both B cells and T cells produce antibodies, though T-cell production is low.
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False. ONLY B cells produce antibody.
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What is a BCR (b cell receptor), basically?
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An antibody with a transmembrane domain.
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What types of molecules do B cells recognize?
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Molecules OTHER THAN proteins.
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What do B cells express on their surface such that they can present antigens to CD4 T cells?
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MHC-II
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How many disulfide bonds are in an antibody?
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4.
2 bind the light chains to the heavy chains, and 2 bind together the two domains in the middle. |
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Identify the two important types of T cells.
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CD8, T cytolitic
CD4. T helper |
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T cells: Humoral or Cell Mediate?
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Cell Mediated
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What type of cells to CD8 cells deal with?
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T cytolytics cells:
Virus infected cells or cancer cells: cells expressing MHC I |
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What type of cells do CD4 cells deal with?
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Antigen presenting cells expressing MHC II
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What type of receptors do T helper cells have?
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TCR - T Cell Receptors
CD4 Receptors |
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What type of receptors do T helper cells have?
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TCR - T Cell Receptors
CD8 Receptors |
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MHC Class I:
- Tissue Distribution? - Function? |
- On virtually every nucleated cell
- Recognition of foreign Ag on infected cells |
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MHC Class II:
- Tissue distribution? - Function? |
- Normally limited to macrophages, B0cells, dendritic cells. Can be induced on other cell times.
- Recognition of Ag on Ag-presenting cells |
