Immunology Final 2008 Alaska Vocab B-C

Front 1

B-cell co-receptor

Back 1

a complex of the CD19, TAPA-1, and CR2 polypeptides that associates with the B-cell receptor and augments its response to specific antigen.

Front 2

B-1 cells

Back 2

the minority population of B cells. They express the CD5 glycoprotein and make antibodies of broad specificities. They are also known as CD5 B cells.

Front 3

B-2 cells

Back 3

the majority population of B cells. They do not express the CD5 glycoprotein and make antibodies of narrow specificities.

Front 4

B7

Back 4

co-stimulatory molecules present on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells.

Front 5

Bare lymphocyte syndromes

Back 5

genetically determined diseases in which MHC class I or II molecules are not expressed on cells. They can be caused by various different regulatory gene defects, and their effect is severe immunodeficiency.

Front 6

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Back 6

an acute-phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a surface constituent of various bacteria. CRP binds bacteria, opsonizing them for uptake by phagocytes.

Front 7

C1 inhibitor (C1INH)

Back 7

a regulatory protein in plasma that inhibits the activity of activated completment component C1. C1INH deficiency causes the disease hereditary angioneurotic edema, in which spontaneous complement activation causes episodes of epiglottal swelling and suffocation.

Front 8

C3 convertases

Back 8

proteolytic enzymes that are formed during complement activation and cleave complement component C3 to C3b and C3a, thereby enabling C3b to bond covalently to antigens.

Front 9

C4-binding protein (C4BP)

Back 9

a regulatory protein in plasma that inactivates the classical C3 convertase by binding to C4b and displacing C2b

Front 10

Calcineurin

Back 10

a cytosolic serine/threonine phosphatase that contributes to T-cell activation. The immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A and tacrolimus act by inhibiting calcineurin.

Front 11

Carcinoma

Back 11

cancer of epithelial cells

Front 12

CCL2

Back 12

a chemokine produced by activated T cells that attracts macrophages into a site of infection.

Front 13

CCL21

Back 13

a chemokine made by vascular endothelial cells and which is involved in extravasation of leukocytes.

Front 14

CD2

Back 14

an adhesion molecule of T cells that binds to the LFA-3 adhesion molecule of antigen-presenting cells. Also called LFA-2

Front 15

CD3 complex

Back 15

a complex of signaling molecules that associates with T-cell receptors. It consists of CD3gamma, delta, and epsilon chains, and zeta chains.

Front 16

CD4

Back 16

a cell-surface glycoprotein on some T cells that recognize antigens presented by MHC class II molecules. CD4 binds to MHC class II molecules on the antigen-presenting cell and acts as a co-receptor to augment the T cell's response to antigen.

Front 17

CD4 T cells

Back 17

subset of T cells that express the CD4 co-receptor and recognize peptide antigens presented by MHC class II molecules.

Front 18

CD8

Back 18

a cell-surface glycoprotein on some T cells that recognize antigens presented by MHC class I molecules.

Front 19

CD19

Back 19

a component of the B-cell co-receptor

Front 20

CD21

Back 20

another name for CR2. A component of the B-cell receptor

Front 21

CD28

Back 21

the low-affinity receptor on T cells that interacts with B7 co-stimulatory molecules to promote T-cell activation.

Front 22

CD40 ligand

Back 22

on T cells triggers B-cell proliferation

Front 23

CD81

Back 23

a component of the B-cell receptor that is also a cellular receptor for hepatitis C virus. Also called TAPA-1

Front 24

CAMs

Back 24

cell adhesion molecules: cell-surface proteins that enable cells to bind to each other.

Front 25

Cell-mediated immunity

Back 25

any adaptive immune response in which antigen-specific effector T cells dominate. It is defined operationally as all adaptive immunity that cannot be transferred to a naive recipient with serum antibody.

Front 26

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Back 26

a genetic disease in which phagocytes malfunction. Their lysosomes fail to fuse properly with phagosomes, and killing of ingested bacteria is impaired.

Front 27

Chronic granulomatous disease

Back 27

an immunodeficiency disease in which multiple granulomas form as a result of defective elimination of bacteria by phagocytic cells. It is caused by a defect in the NADPH oxidase system of enzymes, which generates the superoxide radical involved in bacterial killing.

Front 28

Classical pathway of complement activation

Back 28

one of three pathways of complement activation; activated by antibody bound to antigen, and involves complement components C1, C4, and C2 in the generation of the C3 and C5 convertases.

Front 29

Clonal deletion

Back 29

the elimination of immature lymphocytes that bind to self antigens. Clonal deletion is the main mechanism that produces self-tolerance.

Front 30

Clonal selection

Back 30

the central principle of adaptive immunity. It is the mechanism by which adaptive immune responses derive only from individual antigen-specific lymphocytes, which are stimulated by the antigen to proliferate and differentiate into antigen-specific effector cells.

Front 31

Complement

Back 31

a set of plasma proteins that act in a cascade of reactions to attack extracellular forms of pathogens. As a result of complement activation, pathogens become coated with complement components, which can either kill the pathogen directly or cause its engulfment and destruction by phagocytes.

Front 32

Complement control protein modules (CCP)

Back 32

family of structurally similar protein modules found in many of the proteins that regulate complement activity

Front 33

Conjugate vaccine

Back 33

a vaccine made from capsular polysaccharides bound to an immunogenic protein such as tetanus toxoid. The protein provides peptide epitopes that stimulate CD4 T cells to help B cells specific for the polysaccharide.

Front 34

CTLA-4

Back 34

a high-affinity inhibitory receptor on T cells that interacts with B7 co-stimulatory molecules.

Front 35

CXCL8 (formerly IL-8)

Back 35

a chemokine involved in the extravasation of neutrophils

Front 36

Clyclosporin A

Back 36

an immunosuppressive drug that specifically prevents T-cell activation and effector function.

Front 37

Cytotoxins

Back 37

proteins made by cytotoxic T cells that participate in the destruction of target cells. Perforins, granzymes or fragmentins, and granulysin are examples of cytotoxins.