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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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IL-2 Drug
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Proleukin
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what is proleukin used for?
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used for CMI, mainly CTL's/NK cells
Tx for renal carcinoma, melanoma, leukemia's, lymphomas, HIV infections |
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IFN-gamma drug actions
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inhibits viral replication
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what are the IFN-alpha drugs? Tx for?
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Intron=MM
Roferon-A=AIDS-related kaposi's sarcoma Infergen/Intron=Hep B/C |
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G-CSF/GM-CSF drugs?
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Neupogen/leukine
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G-CSF/GM-CSF drugs used for...
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Tx for chemo induced neutropenia, used in BMT's, prevention of neutropenia in HIV infections
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what are cytokine immunotherapies used for?
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inflammatory diseases
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IFN-beta drug
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Avonex, Betaseron, Rebif
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what are Avonex, Betaseron, Rebif used for?
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help fight viral infections, common treatment for MS (prevents the inflammation and demyelination of CNS)
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IFN-gamma drug for inflammatory diseases
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Actimmune
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what is Actimmune used for?
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promotes macrophage activation, enhances CMI repsonses, Tx for Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
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TNF-alpha blocker drug
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Enbrel
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what does Enbrel do?
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blocks the TNF-alpha Rc/blocks the proinflammatory activity of TNF-alpha, Tx for RA, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis
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Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy-what is it?
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transfer of cultured cells that have anti-tumor reactivity in a tumor-bearing host. Usually harvested from the same host that has the tumor
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where can lymphocytes be taken from in a tumor-bearing patient for adoptive cellular immunotherapy?
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from peripheral blood or tumor filtrate
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what is used to activate the lymphoctes once they are harvested from a tumor-bearing host?
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they are treated w/ IL-2
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what are cells treated w/ IL-2 called?
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LAK cells=lymphokine activated killer cells taken from peripheral blood
TIL cells=tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes taken from tumor filtrate |
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what are monoclonal antibodies?
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Ab's in vitro produced by a single, immortalized clone of B cells with the same antigenic specificity for one epitope
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What are polyclonal antibodies?
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mixture of Ab's produced by a variety of B cell clones that recognize the same Ag, but different epitopes
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what is a side effect to using monoclonal antibodies?
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you can have a HAMA response, the antibodies come from mice and the murine Ab's produced can result in an undesirable immune response to an epitope on the therapeutic Ab
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what are the different classifications of therapeutic antibodies used?
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murine=the variable regions are from mice
chimeric=the variable regions are from mice, constant (light/heavy) regions are from humans Humanized=all human Human=? Bispecific=can be any of the above, can stimulate two Rc's simultaneously, brings two or three cells in close proximity |
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murine antibody drug
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Muromonab-CD3 (OKT3)-binds CD3 b/c of T cell depletion
used to prevent/treat transplant rejections |
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Chimeric antibody drug
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Infliximab (Remicade)-binds/neutralizes TNF-alpha
used for RA, plaque psoariasis, other inflammatory diseases |
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humanized antibody drug
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Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
95% human w/ the CDR's in variable region murine binds HER2/neu protein on breast cancer cells, Tx breast cancers overexpressing this GF Rc |
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Human antibody drug
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Adalimumab (Humira)-binds to TNF-alpha
dampening inflammatory responses, used for several autoimmune/inflammatory diseases |
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bispecific antibody classifications
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Trifunctional antibodies
Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTes) |
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Trifunctional antibody drugs
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Catumaxomab (Removab)-Fab regions specific for CD3, EpCAM
Fc region binds to FcRc's use for various cancers |
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Bifunctional T cell engager (BiTes) drugs
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Blinatumomab (MT103)
fusion of two Fab's, one binding CD3 and the other binding CD19 use for ALL and NHL |
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what are conjugated monoclonal antibodies
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also called immunoconjugates
Ab's that are covalently bound to radioactive nucleotide, a toxin or chemotherapy drug |
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what are naked antibodies (monoclonal or polyclonal)
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Ab's used to neutralize, induce ADCC and activate complement dependent cytotoxicity
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what are some examples of immunoconjugates?
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radioimmunoconjugates
immunocytokines immunotoxin ADEPT: conversion of prodrug to drug immunoliposome cellular immunoconjugates |
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what are some examples of antibodies used as drugs
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when Ab's are used to neutralize/eliminate pathogenic or toxic molecules
i.e. rabbit/horse antiserum against snake venom, anti-diptheria antisera for diptheria toxin Tx, neutralizing agents for drug toxicities |
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what is an example of a neutralizing antibody used as a drug
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Digibind-used for digoxin poisoning
polyclonal anti-digoxin Fab fragments sheep IgG Ab's are cleaved by papain and made into Fab fragments |
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what are examples of immunodeficiency syndrome drugs
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gammagard
sandoglobulin gamimune |
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what are examples of Hep B drugs
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HyperHEP B
Hep-B-Gammagee |
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what are examples of animal immunoglobulins
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ATGAM=managment of allograft rejection in renal transplant patients
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example of monoclonal antibody drugs
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OKT3=managment of acute rejection of renal, hepatic, cardiac transplants
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which Ab drugs can be used to elicit phagocytic clearnace of target cells
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RhoGAM-anti D (anti Rh) Ab's to clear fetal RBC's
given to Rh- mothers to prevent development of erythroblastosis fetalis |
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which drugs can regulate growth control over target cells?
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Cetuximab (Erbitux)-monoclonal against EGF Rc
used for some colorectal cancers, squamous carcinoma cells |
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Rituximab (Rituxan)...describe
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chimeric monoclonal Ab against CD20 Ag's on B cells
Tx B cell Non hodgkins lymphoma |
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Daclizumab (Zenepax)...describe
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Humanized Ab against IL-2 Rc, inhibits activation of T cells (CTL's)
used as immunosuppressive after acute organ rejection in adults recovering from renal transplantation |
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Omalizumab (Xolair)...describe
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Humanized anti-IgE binds to the constant region of IgE, blocks its binding to the Fc Rc's, inhibits degranulation
Tx for asthma, allergic rhinitis |
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Ipilimumab (Yervoy)...describe
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human Ab against CTLA-4
Tx late stage melanoma |
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what kind of drugs would benefit from an Ab carrier?
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Agents w/ either high toxicity or low tissue absorption would benefit
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what are the two major groups of immunoconjugates?
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immunotoxins
radioimmunotherapy |
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how do immunotoxins work
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kill tumor cells by linking highly toxic agents w/ an Ab carrier, delivered only to the tumor site
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example of an immunotoxin drug
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Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg)
Tx for Acute Mylogenous Leukemia Calicheamicin linked to anti-CD33 Ab, calicheamicin induces double-straned breaks |
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what are the two drugs that use Ab's to carry radioactive nuclides
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Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin)-Yttrium 90
Tositumomab (Bexxar)-Iodine 131 |
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MOA of Zevalin
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delivers radioactivity to cancerous B cells
Used to Tx NHL not previously responding to Tx |
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MOA of Bexxar
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used to Tx certain types of NHL that won't respond to Rituxan or chemo
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other radiolabeled Ab's used along w/ cameras to locate tumors
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OncoScint-colorectal, ovarian cancer
Prostascint-prostate cancer |
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Mast cell stabalizers
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Intal, Tilade (inhalers, protects asthmatics)
Nasocrom, Nasacort (nasal spray, eye drops; reduces Sx of allergic rhinitis) |
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H1 Rc antagonists
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Benedryl, Claritin
Wont completely reverse inflammation First Gen=enter brain, cause drowsiness Second Gen=don't enter brain well |
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LTD4 Rc antagonists
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Accolate, Ultair
Oral (pills) block airway hyperresponsiveness |
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Fxn of corticosteroids
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prevent/minimize late phase rxn
inhibit PLA2, decreased AA production decreased IL1 synthesis by macrophages decreased IL2 synthesis by T cells decreased leukocyte chemotaxis decreased MHC II expression |
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examples of corticosteroid drugs
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inhaled (controls asthma/prevents attacks)=Beclovent, Flovent, Aerobid, Azmacort, Pulmicort
Oral (Tx severe asthma episodes)=Medrol, Deltasone, Prelone, Pediapred, Orapred Nasal/Eye drops=DEXAMETHAZONE, ALREX for allergic conjunctivitis topically=used to Tx atopic dermatitis |
