Immunology Exam 3

Front 1

Literally, the study of serum; applied to the detection of antibodies or antigens using immunodiagnostic tests.

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Serology

Front 2

The clumping of particulate antigens by antibody; used in agglutination tests which usually is detecting antibodies.

Back 2

Agglutination

Front 3

The binding of complement to immune complexes or to certain foreign surfaces. Used in the complement fixation test to detect antibodies.

Back 3

Complement fixation

Front 4

agglutination (clumping) of RBC’s caused by certain viruses such as influenze in birds

Back 4

Hemagglutination

Front 5

The inability of certain viruses’ ability to agglutinate RBC’s; No clumping. HI tests are used to detect Antibodies.

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Hemagglutination inhibition

Front 6

Antigens are labeled with an enzyme and the Antigens are separated according to molecular weight by electrophoresis.

Back 6

Western Blot

Front 7

Antibody made against an immunoglobulin, usually by injecting immunoglobulin into and animal of another species.

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Antiglobulin

Front 8

Diagnostic test using precipitation of soluble antigens on an agar gel matrix to detect Ab.

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Agar Gel Immunodiffusion

Front 9

Tests used primarily to detect neutralizing Abs. They can also be used in diagnostic lab to identify a virus that has been isolated from clinical specimens, using Abs with known specificity.

Back 9

Serum neutralization

Front 10

An immunological test that uses enzyme linked antiglobulins and substrate bound to an inert surface. Antibody or antigen is labeled with an enzyme and when an enzymatic reaction occurs it causes a formation of colored product. Usually tests for antigens.

Back 10

ELISA

Front 11

Same as the ELISA test but the antigens are on a glass slide. Demonstrates the presence of antigens in a particular location in a tissue specimen.

Back 11

Immunohistochemistry

Front 12

results occur when the diagnostic test result if positive but the animal does not have the infection or the didease for which you were testing for.

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False positive result

Front 13

Agar Gel immunodiffusion. Detects Ab.

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AGID

Front 14

Another name for Western Blot

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Immunoblot

Front 15

Ab is labeled with gold particles that migrate across a filter; capture of the gold labeled Ag: Ab complex leaves a visible line on the filter. Used to detect Ag.

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Immunochromatography

Front 16

results occur when the diagnostic test result is negative but the animal does have the infection or disease for which you were testing.

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false negative result

Front 17

The first milk, normally produced in the first 24 hours following parturition. Has very high concentrations of all immunoglobulin classes, with IgG predominating in most species. Also rich in IgA in all species.

Back 17

colostrum

Front 18

antibodies passed from the mother to offspring either by passive transfer or colostral transfer. By the time the offspring is born it is able to mount its own immunological response however it is not as strong. A fetus is even able to mount its own antibody response (Mostly IgM) late in gestation.

Back 18

maternal antibodies

Front 19

when an offspring does not get the antibodies needed from the mother in appropriate amounts. Can be caused by inadequate colostrum produced by the mother or inadequate intake by the offspring. Causes a failure to thrive, and increases susceptibility to infectious diseases early in life.

Back 19

failure of passive transfer

Front 20

Inherited immunodeficiency diseases. Not very common. SCID is an example.

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Primary immune deficiency

Front 21

immunodeficiency diseases resulting from a known, nongenetic cause. Very common in veterinary medicine. Can be secondary to infection. Infectious causes of immunodeficiency are most commonly viral. Examples are retroviruses and parvoviruses.

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secondary immune deficiency

Front 22

syndrome is an autosomal recessive trait. The defective gene codes for DNA-dependent protein kinase, that is required for repairing the nicks in the chromosome during immunoglobulin and TCR gene rearrangement.

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Severe combined immunodeficiency

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Immune deficiency you are born with.

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Congenital immune deficiency

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Immune deficiency you are not born with

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Acquired immune deficiency

Front 25

A molecule that, as a result of its ability to bind to certain TCR variable regions can cause certain T-cells to devided. Superantigens can activate anywhere between 2 – 20% of CD4 T lymphocytes. The acticvation of these CD4 T-lymphocytes then causes a release of cytokines and a systemic inflammatory response. Ex is Toxic Shock Syndrome.

Back 25

Superantigen

Front 26

The hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE and mast cells. Also known as Type I Hypersensitivity.AZ

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Immediate hypersensitivity

Front 27

A genetic predisposition to become sensitized and produce IgE antibodies in response to allergens commonly occurring in the environment.

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Atopy

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hives as a result of a type I hypersensitivity reaction.

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wheal

Front 29

A hypersensitivity reaction initiated by specific immunological mechanisms

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Allergy

Front 30

Antigens that provoke allergic reactions. Usually type I hypersensitivity.

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Allergen

Front 31

A severe, life threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction.

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Anaphylaxis

Front 32

Antigens found on the surface of RBCs. Their expression is inherited. These membrane antigens can induce antibodies in other animals.

Back 32

Blood group antigen

Front 33

condition in horses (and cats) in which the mare make antibodies against the foals red blood cells and then passes these antibodies to the foal through colostrum. Once the foal absorbs these antibodies they result in the lysis of the foals red blood cells within 24-36 hours after birth. This red blood cell destruction is widespread throughout the foals body and can lead to life threatening anemia or jaundice.

Back 33

Neonatal isoerythrolysis

Front 34

Another term for antigen-antibody complexes. Responsible for initiating inflammation by activating C3a, C5a, C3b and cell that express Fc receptors (macrophages, and mast cells that have receptors for IgE and IgG)

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Immune complex

Front 35

A cell-mediated inflammatory reaction in the skin, so called because it takes 24-48 hours to reach maximum intensity.

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Delayed hypersensitivity

Front 36

Th 1 mediated type 4 hypersensitivity. Heptens react with protein in epidermis.

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Contact hypersensitivity

Front 37

A particular tissue reaction to certain intracellular parasites. Accumulation of macrophages, outer ring of lymphocytes (mostly Th1 lymphocytes), surrounded by connective tissue.

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Granuloma

Front 38

small molecule that is not immunogenic but can attach to proteins to cause a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction.

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Hapten

Front 39

Th 1 mediated type 4 hypersensitivity. Heptens react with protein in epidermis.

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Contact sensitivity

Front 40

Contact Sensitivity is also known as

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Allergic contact dermatitis

Front 41

central tolerance and peripheral tolerance

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immunological tolerance

Front 42

The failure of a sensitized animal to respond to an antigen. A form of immunological tolerance. A lymphocyte that recognizes signal 1 without receiving signal 2 becomes anergic.

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Anergy

Front 43

Tolerance established in primary (central) lymphoid tissue. (central tolerance is imperfect, allowing some self-reactive lymphocytes to mature)

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Cental tolerance

Front 44

another term for self antigen

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auto antigen

Front 45

tolerance established in secondary lymphoid tissue

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peripheral tolerance

Front 46

a normal body component that acts as an antigen.

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Autoantigen