Immunology Exam 1

Front 1

Innate or Acquired: Antigen Nonspecific

Back 1

Innate

Front 2

Innate or Acquired: Rapid Response (minutes/hours)

Back 2

Innate

Front 3

Innate or Acquired: Natural Barriers (eg. skin, mucous membranes)

Back 3

Innate

Front 4

Innate or Acquired: No memory

Back 4

Innate

Front 5

Innate or Acquired: Phagocytes and Natural Killer Cells

Back 5

Innate

Front 6

Innate or Acquired: Soluble Mediators (eg. complement)

Back 6

Innate

Front 7

Innate or Acquired: Pattern Recognition Molecules

Back 7

Innate

Front 8

Innate or Acquired: Antigen Specific

Back 8

Acquired

Front 9

Innate or Acquired: Slow response (days)

Back 9

Acquired

Front 10

Innate or Acquired: Has memory

Back 10

Acquired

Front 11

Innate or Acquired:
Lymphocytes are immune component.

Back 11

Acquired

Front 12

Innate or Acquired:
Antigen Recognition Molecules (B and T cell receptors)

Back 12

Acquired

Front 13

Innate or Acquired:
Secreted Molecules (eg. Antibodies)

Back 13

Acquired

Front 14

Innate or Acquired:
A short response influenced by Genetics

Back 14

Innate

Front 15

Innate or Acquired:
pH and secreted fatty acids

Back 15

Innate

Front 16

Innate or Acquired:
Interferon

Back 16

Innate

Front 17

Innate or Acquired:
Pattern recognition molecules

Back 17

Innate

Front 18

Innate or Acquired:
Toll-like receptors

Back 18

Innate

Front 19

Innate or Acquired:
Serum proteins = B-Lysin, Lysozome, Polyamines, and Kinins.

Back 19

Innate

Front 20

Innate or Acquired:
Complement

Back 20

Innate

Front 21

Innate or Acquired:
Late in evolution of vertebrates

Back 21

Acquired

Front 22

Innate or Acquired:
Antigenic Stimulation

Back 22

Acquired

Front 23

Innate or Acquired:
Proliferation of B cells and T cells (clonal)

Back 23

Acquired

Front 24

Innate or Acquired:
Typically takes weeks but produces "memory"

Back 24

Acquired

Front 25

Innate or Acquired:
Vaccinations

Back 25

Acquired

Front 26

Define:
Active Immunization

Back 26

Immunization of an individual by administration of an antigen.

Front 27

What type of immunization is: Immunization of an individual by administration of an antigen.

Back 27

Active Immunization

Front 28

Define:
Passive Immunization

Back 28

Immunization though transfer of specific antibody from an immunized individual to a non-immunized individual.

Front 29

What type of immunization is:
Immunization though transfer of specific antibody from an immunized individual to a non-immunized individual.

Back 29

Passive Immunization

Front 30

Define:
Adoptive Immunization

Back 30

Transfer of immunity by the transfer of immune cells.

Front 31

What type of immunity:
Transfer of immunity by the transfer of immune cells.

Back 31

Adoptive Immunization

Front 32

Which immune response is characterized by:
Specificity being unique rather than random?

Back 32

Acquired

Front 33

Which immune response is characterized by:
It's adaptiveness is able to respond to "unseen" molecules?

Back 33

Acquired

Front 34

Which immune response is characterized by:
Discrimination between self and non-self is conferred by Lymphocytes that bear antigen-specific receptors on their surfaces?

Back 34

Acquired

Front 35

Which immune response is characterized by:
Memory is able to recall previous interaction with foreign molecule (anamnestic response)?

Back 35

Acquired

Front 36

What is the Clonal Selection Theory of B cells

Back 36

A widely accepted model for how the immune system responds to infection and how certain types of B and T lymphocytes are selected for destruction of specific antigens invading the body.

Front 37

Physical and Chemical barriers of Innate Immunity

Back 37

pH of sweat and sebaceous secretions.
Keratinized Skin (dead, grows outward and sloughs away)
Fatty acids and Hydrolytic enzymes.
Interferons (released to create anti-viral state).
Complement (enzymatic cascade that targets membranes).
Mucous and ciliary elevator.

Front 38

Pathway of Intracellular and Extracellular killing of Microorganisms

Back 38

1. Tissue injury: release of chemical signals such as Histamine.
2. Dilation and increased leakiness of local blood vessels: Migration of phagocytes to the area.
3. Phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils) consume bacteria and cell debris - tissue heals.

Front 39

Basophils, Mast Cells, Eosinophils, and Neutrofils make up the _________ Leukocytes

Back 39

(innate immunity)
PMN Leukocytes
(polymorphonuclear)

Front 40

Kupffer cells, Avleolar, Splenic, Peritoneal, and Microglial cells make up the __________

Back 40

Macrophages

Kupffer cells: Liver
Aveolar Macrophages: Lungs
Splenic Macrophages: why is the spleen a strategic location?
Peritoneal Macrophages
Microglial cells: CNS

Front 41

What cells are involved in the Innate Immune system?

Back 41

PMN cells
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells

Front 42

Effects of Kinins in Inflammation

Back 42

Cause muscle contraction.

Block nervous impulses leading to distal muscle relaxation.

Nerve stimulators associated with pain and itching.

Vasoactive Bradykinin causes endothelial cells to contract and express endothelial cell adhesion molecules (ECAMs).

Front 43

Characteristics of Systemic Inflammatory Responses

Back 43

Fever.
Increased Blood cell production.
Production of c-reactive protein (acute phase proteins)
Cytokines (released by activated macrophages).
-> Interleukins
-> Tumor necrosis factor
Result is amplification of Immune response.
Anti-inflammatory Drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen, cortisone) target metabolic pathways that produce the mediators of inflammation.