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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Unresponsiveness by lymphocytes to self antigens
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Immunologic tolerance
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Tolerance induced in primary lymphoid organs
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Central tolerance
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Tolerance induced in peripheral tissues
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Peripheral tolerance
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Apoptosis of immature lymphocytes due to strong interaction with self peptides
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Negative selection/deletion
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T cell population that arises from recognition of self-antigen
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Regulatory T cells
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Markers of T regulatory cells
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CD25 & Foxp3
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Mechanisms of T regulatory cell-mediated inhibition of T cell responses
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Inhibit T cell activation or effector functions
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Functional inactivation of T cells when exposed to antigen without co-stimulation
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Anergy
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Inhibitory receptors that maintain inactivity of autoreactive T cells
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CTLA-4
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Apoptosis of mature lymphocytes that recognize self peptides
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Deletion/activation-induced cell death
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Mechanisms of apoptosis in activation-induced cell death
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Pro-apoptotic proteins or Fas-FasL interaction
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Expression of new light chain in B cells after recognition of self antigens
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Receptor editing
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Immune response against self antigens
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Autoimmunity
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Factors that contribute to development of autoimmunity
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Genetics & Environment
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Chance of autoimmunity in individual who inherits a particular HLA allele compared with one who does not
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Relative risk
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Defect in this gene results in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
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Autoimmune regulator (AIRE)
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Defect in these serum proteins results in lupus-like disease
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C2 & C4
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Defect in this gene results in X-linked polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy (IPEX)
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Foxp3
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Defect in these genes results in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
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Fas/FasL
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Similarity between microbial and self antigens
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Molecular mimicry
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Types of antigens that activate large numbers of T cells without binding to antigen recognition site of the TCR
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Superantigens
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Mechanism by which infection may “break” T cell anergy
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Inducing co-stimulators on local APCs
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Tissues/organs normally sequestered from immune response (immune privileged sites)
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Eye, testes, ovary
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Type of antigen present in primary lymphoid tissue
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Tolerogenic self antigens
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Type of antigen typically presented to lymphocytes without second signals
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Tolerogenic self antigens
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Type of antigen typically present throughout life
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Tolerogenic self antigen
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Type of antigen typically present in peripheral lymphoid tissue
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Immunogenic foreign antigens
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Type of antigen typically presented to lymphocytes with second signals
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Immunogenic foreign antigens
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Type of antigen typically short-lived and eliminated by immune response
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Immunogenic foreign antigens
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Route of administration of an antigen most likely to induce tolerance
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Oral
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Route of administration of an antigen most likely to induce an immune response
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Subcutaneous or intramuscular
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