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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Type I hypersensitivity is also known as?
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immediate hypersensitivity, allergy, or atopy
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What is the primary antibody in Type 1 and where is it produced and where does it go?
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IgE is produced by plasma cells and when it binds antigen the Fc portion binds mast cells releasing proinflammatory markers
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Someone that is atopic has what?
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type I hypersensitivity
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What is the late phase reaction of type I?
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neutrophils and eiosinophils show up and cause most of tissue injury from cytokines released by mast cells
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Are TH1 or TH2 cells activated in an immediate hypersensitivity? What are the main cytokines released?
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TH2 releases IL4 and IL13
IL4 is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells |
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What is the function of IL-13?
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similar to IL4 in that it stimulates IgE release and activation of B cells, and stimulate secretion of mucus
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What receptor on mast cells binds IgE? What is it called when bound to IgE?
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epsilon (E) heavy chain. When bound it is called FcERI
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What is the initial encounter and coating of mast cells with antigen called?
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sensitization
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What receptor is shared between mast cells and basophils?
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FcERI
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When will a type I hypersensivity occur?
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only after an initial exposure
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What products are released from mast cells?
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vasoactive amines, proteases and prostaglandins and leukotrienes
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What do prostaglandins released from mast cells do?
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vasodilation
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What is the effect of leukotrienes released from mast cells?
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prolonged smooth muscle contraction
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Mast cells also release some TNF. What is its function?
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promote eiosinophil and neutrophil inflammation
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What cytokine released by TH2 cells recruits eiosinophils?
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IL-5
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What effect does IL-13 have on epithelial cells in airways? What other product in type I hypersensitivity does this?
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1) secrete mucus
2) histamine |
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food allergens cause the release of histamine in GI tract. What is the result?
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increased peristalsis
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All cases of asthma are associated with IgE and mast cell activation: True or False
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False all are associated with mast cell activation but not all use IgE
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What is anaphylaxis characterized by?
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edema in many tissues, decreased BP, airway obstruction from laryngeal edema
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In anaphylaxis what is given to help treat it?
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epinephrine causes smooth muscle contraction peripherally increasing CO and inhibits mast degranulation
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What is given to help with bronchial asthma?
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corticosteroids
phosphodiesterase inhibitors to relax smooth muscle |
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What does cromolyn do?
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it inhibits mast cell degranulation
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Where do immunecomplexes tend to deposit?
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turbulent sites in blood vessels (branching points) and high pressure zones like the glomeruli
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Antibodies in Type II and III are more often directed against what?
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self antigens and less commonly foreign antigens
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What are examples of late sequelae hypersensitivities?
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1) antistreptococcal antibodies attack heart muscle causing rheumatic fever
2) antistreptoccocal antibodies deposit in glomeruli and cause poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis |
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What infectious agents can cause antigen antibody deposits?
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EBV and malaria
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Deposition of IgG1 and IgG3 molecules do what?
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activate neutrophils and macrophages via the Fc portion
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IgG and what other antibody can activate complement?
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IgM
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Someone is treated for a snakebite and another for an exposure to rabies virus. What can the treatment induce?
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serum sickness because the treatment is injection of serum from other individuals and an hypersensitivity occurs
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An antibody directed toward what B cell receptor can suppress a hypersensitivity to increased antibody output?
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anti-CD20
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What is the target in autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
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RBC Rh or I antigen
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What is the target in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura?
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gpIIb/IIIa
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Someone with bullae from antibody mediated activation of proteases that disrupt intercellular adhesions has what?
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pemphigus vulgaris
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Why does nephritis and lung hemorrhages occur in Goodpastures syndrome?
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antibody binds basement membranes of kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli and the Fc portion stimulates inflammation
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What leukocyte is activated in acute rheumatic fever?
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macrophages
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What is the target antigen in graves disease? What results?
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TSH receptor. Antibody acts as agonist stimulating thyroid hormone release and hyperthyroidism
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polyarteritis nodosa has what antibody specificity and what results?
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HBV surface antigen-antibody causes vasculitis
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Do type IV hypersensitivities tend to systemic or organ located?
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located at a specific organ
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What type of hypersensitivity does poison ivy induce?
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Type IV
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What type of hypersensitivity do superantigens create?
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type IV
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What is the principal helper T cell that activates macrophages and what is the cytokine it releases?
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1) TH1 releases INF-gamma
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Are type IV hypersensitivities typically chronic or acute?
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chronic
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What is the treatment for Type IV hypersensitivities?
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corticosteroids, cytokine antagonists, cyclosporine
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what cytokine antagonist has proven beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease?
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TNF antagonist
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What is the genetic association with type I diabetes
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PTPN22 Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22
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What is the genetic association with rheumatoid arthritis?
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PTPN22
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What is the genetic association with MS? What is the target of T cells? What cells are damaged?
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1) CD25
2) myelin protiens 3) demyelination of all neurons |
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What is the genetic association of inflammatory bowel disease?
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NOD2
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poison ivy induces___?
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delayed type hypersensitivity
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Chronic TB is what type of hypersenstivity? What about viral hepatitis?
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IV
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