Immunology Chapter 11

Front 1

Immune-mediated tissue damage

Back 1

Hypersensitivity (HS)

Front 2

Pathologic immune mechanisms of immediate hypersensitivity (Type I)

Back 2

Th2 cells, IgE, mast cells, eosinophils

Front 3

Pathologic immune mechanisms of antibody-mediated hypersensitivity (Type II)

Back 3

IgM, IgG vs. cell surface or extracellular matrix

Front 4

Pathologic immune mechanisms of immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity (Type III)

Back 4

Circulating Ag-Ab (IgG or IgM) complexes (soluble antigens)

Front 5

Pathologic immune mechanisms of T cell-mediated hypersensitivity (Type IV)

Back 5

CD4+ T cells (DTH); CD8+ CTLs

Front 6

Mast-cell derived mediators; cytokine-mediated inflammation

Back 6

Mechanisms of tissue injury in Type I

Front 7

Complement and FcR-mediated recruitment and activation of leukocytes; Opsonization, phagocytosis; Abnormal cell function

Back 7

Mechanisms of tissue injury in Type II

Front 8

Complement and FcR-mediated recruitment and activation of leukocytes

Back 8

Mechanisms of tissue injury in Type III

Front 9

Macrophage activation; direct target cell killing; cytokine-mediated inflammation

Back 9

Mechanisms of tissue injury in Type IV

Front 10

Cytokines that induce isotype switching to IgE

Back 10

IL4 and IL-13

Front 11

Antigens that elicit immediate hypersensitivity

Back 11

Allergens

Front 12

Individual with propensity to develop immediate hypersensitivities

Back 12

Allergic or atopic

Front 13

(put in order)

a. Production of IgE
b. Activation of mast cells and release of mediators
c. First exposure to antigen
d. Th2 cells signal B cells to switch to IgE
e. Repeat exposure to antigen
f. IgE binds to FcεR1 on mast cells

Back 13

Step 1-c
Step 2-d
Step 3-a
Step 4-f
Step 5-e
Step 6-b

Front 14

Cross-linking of allergen with two or more IgE molecules on surface of mast cell

Back 14

Induce mast cell degranulation

Front 15

Contents of mast cell granules

Back 15

Vasoactive amines, proteases

Front 16

Causes dilation of small blood vessels, increases vascular permeability and transient contraction of smooth muscle

Back 16

Histamine and other vasoactive amines

Front 17

Cause damage to local cells and tissues

Back 17

Proteases

Front 18

Arachidonic acid metabolites that cause vascular dilation and prolonged smooth muscle contraction

Back 18

Prostaglandins/leukotrienes

Front 19

Mediators of late phase of allergic response

Back 19

Cytokines (TNF, IL-4), platelet activating factor and leukotrienes

Front 20

Leukocytes involved in late phase of allergic reaction

Back 20

Eosinophils, neutrophils, Th2 cells

Front 21

Major cytokine that activates eosinophils

Back 21

IL-5

Front 22

These increase production of mucus

Back 22

Histamine/IL-13

Front 23

Increased mucus secretion and inflammation of upper airways

Back 23

Allergic rhinitis/hay fever

Front 24

Increased peristalsis due to contraction of intestinal muscles

Back 24

Food allergies

Front 25

Smooth muscle contraction in bronchi; inflammation and tissue injury

Back 25

Bronchial asthma

Front 26

Systemic form of immediate hypersensitivity characterized by edema, often in larynx, and hypotension

Back 26

Anaphylaxis

Front 27

Major target organs in an anaphylactic reaction

Back 27

Lung, heart, GI

Front 28

This treatment for anaphylaxis induces smooth muscle contraction and blocks further mast cell degranulation

Back 28

Epinephrine

Front 29

This treatment for bronchial asthma reduces inflammation and relaxes bronchial smooth muscles

Back 29

Corticosteroids and phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Front 30

This treatment for allergies induces B cells to switch from IgE to other isotypes

Back 30

Desensitization

Front 31

This treatment for allergies blocks the action of histamine

Back 31

Antihistamines

Front 32

This treatment for allergies inhibits mast cell degranulation

Back 32

Cromolyn

Front 33

Antibody-mediated disease that stimulates production of thyroid hormones

Back 33

Graves’ Disease

Front 34

Antibody-mediated disease that destroys erythrocytes via opsonization and phagocytosis

Back 34

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Front 35

Antibody-mediated disease that damages the heart due to inflammation and macrophage activation

Back 35

Acute rheumatic fever

Front 36

Antibody-mediated disease that blocks the acetylcholine receptor

Back 36

Myasthenia gravis

Front 37

Antibody-mediated disease that destroys platelets via opsonization an phagocytosis

Back 37

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura

Front 38

Antibody-mediated disease that damages the kidneys and lungs due to complement and FcR-mediated inflammation

Back 38

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Front 39

Systemic vasculitis induced by systemic administration of protein antigen

Back 39

Serum sickness

Front 40

Local vasculitis induced by subcutaneous administration of protein antigen

Back 40

Arthus reaction

Front 41

Immune complex-mediated disease caused by antibodies to DNA and nucleoproteins

Back 41

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Front 42

Microbial proteins that induce polyclonal T cell activation which results in toxic shock syndrome

Back 42

Superantigens

Front 43

Tissue injury that results in exposure of new self-antigens

Back 43

Epitope spreading

Front 44

T cell-mediated disease that destroys pancreatic islet cells

Back 44

Type I diabetes

Front 45

T cell-mediated disease that destroys neurons in the CNS

Back 45

Multiple sclerosis

Front 46

T-cell mediated disease that results in granulomatous inflammation

Back 46

Chronic infections like TB