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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do you input to make a TH cell into a TH1 cell?
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Interferon gamma, IL 12
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What do you input to make a TH cell into a TH2 cell?
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IL-4
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What do you input to make a TH cell into a Th17 cell?
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TGF Beta, IL-6, IL-23
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What cytokines do Th-17 cells produce?
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IL-17, IL-22
Associated with chronic autoimmune disorders + help to fight fungal and extracellular bacterial infections. |
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What cytokines doTh-2 cells produce?
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IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
extracellular pathogens induce creation of Th2 cells, so the above cytokines stimulate the production of IgE. |
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What cytokines doTh-1 cells produce?
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IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF
Think intracellular bacteria and viruses. |
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B7 proteins on APCs are recognized by X receptor proteins on T cells?
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CD28
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What surface protein on Helper T cells is the "co-stimulation molecule"?
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CD-40L
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What are the three steps to activate a T cell?
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1. TCR sees antigen on APC
2. Co-stimulattory interaction -- B7 protein on APC meets CD28 on naive T. 3. Interaction with cytokines -- IL-2. |
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What domain does CD4 bind on MHC II?
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Beta- 2
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What domain does CD8 bind on MHC I?
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Alpha-3
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What is another name for MHC?
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Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)
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What proteins regulate T and B cell antibody recombination and variation?
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RAG1 and RAG2
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Tell me about IgM
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Pentameter
the 1st one to produce an immune response potent compliment activator |
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Tell me about igG
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crosses the placenta (only one!)
most common antibody activates compliment |
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tell me about igA
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dimer with J chain and secretory component protein.
local mucosal immunity . |
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IgD
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Binds to B-cells (with IgM) in bone marrow in B-cell development.
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Antibody class switching. I want to make IgG. What do I need?
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For class switching in general, need Helper T with good CD40L.
For IgG - IFN-gamma |
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Antibody class switching. I want to make IgE. What do I need?
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For class switching in general, need Helper T with good CD40L.
For IgE - IL-4 |
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Antibody class switching. I want to make IgA. What do I need?
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For class switching in general, need Helper T with good CD40L.
For IgA: TGF-Beta, mucosal tissues, cytokines |
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Uh oh. You have X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. What protein is mutated?
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CD40L (located on X-chromosome). No heavy-chain class switching.
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DiGeorge Syndrome
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Incomplete development of thymus leads to reduced T-cells. B-cell numbers are normal but B-cell humoral response is limited bc of lack of Helper T's.
Result: More infections. Also, facial abnormalities, heart disease. |
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BLS - Bare Lymphocyte syndrome
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MHC II not expressed, which leads to decrease in CD4+ Helper T's. Result: impaired cell mediated immunity AND reduced antibodies bc of lack of helper T's
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BLS 1//TAP-1 or TAP-2 deficiency
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TAP is the transporter (in the cell) associated with antigen presentation. Failure to express MCH I reduces number of CD8+ CTLs.
Result: increased susceptibility to viral and intracellular bacterial infections. |
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What is CD95?
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Death receptor Fas. Activation of self-antigen leads to up-regulation of CD95--clonal deletion.
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How do you make a Regulatory T cell?
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Start as a medium affinity for self CD4+ T cell in thymus. This leads to up-regulation of FoxP3. Boom, you're a regulatory T-cell who suppresses self-recognizing T-cells in the periphery.
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How do newborns get antibody from breast milk?
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FcRn receptor in gut.
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What mediates negative feedback to STOP a humoral immune response?
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Fc receptor binds Ig/antibody complex/
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