• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/17

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

17 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
immune system
the body's defense system responsible for distinguishing us from everything foreign to us. protecting us against infections and foreign substances
immunology
study of host defense mechanisms against foreign invaders and the defense system that is responsible for distinguishing us from everything foreign to us
virus-infected cells
cells reprogrammed by viruses to harbor and reproduce viruses
cancer cells
genetically altered
escape the control mechanisms (growth, differentiation, cell death)
disturb homeostasis
defective cells
cells that became damaged or died and need to be eliminated
antibodies
-specialized immune proteins
-produced by the acquired immune system (identify foreign agents like bacteria, viruses, toxins)
-reaction partners- antigens (strong binding affinity- triggers production)
-antibody production is a major function of the adaptive immune system (produced by a type of white blood cell- b lymphocyte)
antigens
molecules that stimulate an immune response-antibody generation
-anything that can be recognized by an antibody
-usually a protein but also polysaccharides and lipids
infection
detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species
- seeks to utilize the host's resources to multiply
- interferes with the normal functioning of the host
-can lead to chronic wounds, gangrene, loss of limb, and even death
inflammation
localized tissue response to trauma
-increased blood flow
-entry of leukocytes
-swelling, redness, and pain
-protective attempt by organism to remove injurious stimuli
-to initiate the healing process in the affected tissue
immune tolerance
state of immunological unresponsiveness to particular antigens
-no immune response against "self" components
-failure results in autoimmune disease
cytokines
small molecules (proteins) mediating communication btw immune cells
-regulate duration and intensity of immune response
-lymphokines
-monokines
-interleukins
lymphokines
produced by lymphocytes
monokines
produced by monocytes/macrophages
interleukins
messengers btw leukocytes (major part of lymphokines and monokines)
vaccination
process of inducing immunity against a harmful organism or agent by stimulating the immune system with harmless form of organism or agent
-preparation of harmless form of infectious agents or toxin, either killed or live attenuated (in active)
microphage
-dominant white blood cell
-derived from bone marrow stem cells
-multilobed nucleus
-short lived (days), does not divide
-contain granules involved in phagocytic process (not stained by histological stains)
-major defense against pus forming bacteria
macrophage
-long lived phagocyte in tissues
-derived from bone marrow stem cells, differentiates from blood monocytes
-rounded nucleus
-once matured, settle in different tissues
-contain granules involved in phagocytic process
-main function: elimination of microbes that live inside host cells