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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
immune system
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the body's defense system responsible for distinguishing us from everything foreign to us. protecting us against infections and foreign substances
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immunology
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study of host defense mechanisms against foreign invaders and the defense system that is responsible for distinguishing us from everything foreign to us
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virus-infected cells
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cells reprogrammed by viruses to harbor and reproduce viruses
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cancer cells
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genetically altered
escape the control mechanisms (growth, differentiation, cell death) disturb homeostasis |
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defective cells
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cells that became damaged or died and need to be eliminated
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antibodies
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-specialized immune proteins
-produced by the acquired immune system (identify foreign agents like bacteria, viruses, toxins) -reaction partners- antigens (strong binding affinity- triggers production) -antibody production is a major function of the adaptive immune system (produced by a type of white blood cell- b lymphocyte) |
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antigens
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molecules that stimulate an immune response-antibody generation
-anything that can be recognized by an antibody -usually a protein but also polysaccharides and lipids |
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infection
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detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species
- seeks to utilize the host's resources to multiply - interferes with the normal functioning of the host -can lead to chronic wounds, gangrene, loss of limb, and even death |
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inflammation
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localized tissue response to trauma
-increased blood flow -entry of leukocytes -swelling, redness, and pain -protective attempt by organism to remove injurious stimuli -to initiate the healing process in the affected tissue |
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immune tolerance
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state of immunological unresponsiveness to particular antigens
-no immune response against "self" components -failure results in autoimmune disease |
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cytokines
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small molecules (proteins) mediating communication btw immune cells
-regulate duration and intensity of immune response -lymphokines -monokines -interleukins |
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lymphokines
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produced by lymphocytes
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monokines
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produced by monocytes/macrophages
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interleukins
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messengers btw leukocytes (major part of lymphokines and monokines)
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vaccination
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process of inducing immunity against a harmful organism or agent by stimulating the immune system with harmless form of organism or agent
-preparation of harmless form of infectious agents or toxin, either killed or live attenuated (in active) |
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microphage
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-dominant white blood cell
-derived from bone marrow stem cells -multilobed nucleus -short lived (days), does not divide -contain granules involved in phagocytic process (not stained by histological stains) -major defense against pus forming bacteria |
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macrophage
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-long lived phagocyte in tissues
-derived from bone marrow stem cells, differentiates from blood monocytes -rounded nucleus -once matured, settle in different tissues -contain granules involved in phagocytic process -main function: elimination of microbes that live inside host cells |