Immunology

Front 1

deficiencies in complement

Back 1

pyogenic infections- H influenza, strep pneumoniae, s. aureus
autoantibodies and immune complexes
otitis media, pneum, sinusitis

Front 2

deficiency in cell mediated immunity

Back 2

microorganism infection
fungus

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X-LA

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failure of B cell maturation
no B cells

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IgA and IgG deficiency

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differentiation of B cells fails

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IgG2

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recognizes capsule of virus

Front 6

HIGM

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deficient in IgA and IgG
problem is mutated CD40 on activated T cell

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Common variable immunodeficiency

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defects in T cell signalling to B cells
follows EBV
B cells not defective

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transient hypogammaglobulinemia

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B cells lack stimulus from TH cells

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SCID

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Thymus does not develop
diarrhea, pneum, yeast infections
infants die unless marrow transplant

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causes of SCID

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defective genes for IL2 receptore
genetic def. of ADA or PNP

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MHC II deficiency

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TH deficiency results

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DiGeorge anomoly

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defect in thymus embryogenesis

wide eyes, low ears, cardiac

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hereditary AT

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T cell deficiency, sinus lung infections
7 and 14- defect in DNA repair

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Wilscott Aldrich syndrom

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severe eczema
X linked

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Def. in C1 C2 C4 C3, factor H and I

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no clearance of IC

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Hereditary angineurotic edema

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C1 inhibitor def.
autosomal dominant

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cyclophosphamide

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alkylates DNA, no replication
affects B cells more thn T cells
not PMNs
management of autoantibody and allograft rejection

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methotrexate

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analog of folic acid
decreases Ig and PMNs
no affect on T cells

Front 19

cyclosporin, tacrolimus, rapamycin

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bind to imminuphilins
inhibit T cells, and anitgen resentation by L cells and monocytes

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indernutrition

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most common cause of immunodeficiency

Front 21

vit B3 and folate

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deficiency means reduced cell mediated immune response

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Type 1

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Through mucus- TH2 develops IgE by IL13 and IL4

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hay fever

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MMC in nose

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asthma

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MMC in bronchiole tissue

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hyposensitization

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muscular
TH1 develops IFNy so IgG and no TH2

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tx for Type 1

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corticosteroids- dec. mast cells
sodiom cromoglycate
cyclosporin A- inh. IL2 rec.
antihistamines

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Type II

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IgG and IgM
complement component C1

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hemolytic disease of the newborn

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large liver, spots on baby

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Type III

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persistent infection
autoimmune disease
inhalation of antigenic material
endothelial retraction, microthrombi Authus rxn

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Type IV

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cell mediated rather than humoral
1- contact 2- tuberculin (42-72)
3- granulomatous (21-28 days)

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contact hypersensitivity

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haptens bound to carriers sensitize-- memory CD4 cells
elicitation- release IFNy which activates keratinocytes
macrophages release PGs to down regulate

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epithelioid cells

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under chronic cytokine stim.
secreate lots of TNFa

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types of granulomas

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TB, leprosy, schistosomiasis, sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease

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50% of colds

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rhinoviruses and coronaviruses

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adenoviruses can infect the pharynx and the eye giving...

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pharyngoconjuctival fever

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EBV infection of pharynx

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petechiae on soft palate

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pharyngitis bacteria

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streptococcus pyognes- impt
corynebacterium diphtheriae
H inluenza- epiglotitis

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compllication of S pyogenes

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peritonsillar abcess
otitis media, sinusitis
scarlet fever- erythrogenic toxin
rheumatic fever
acute glomerulonephritis- IC

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acute otitis media

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caused by viruses
Strep pneumoniae & H. influenza

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otitis externa

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"swimmer's ear"
S aureus, candida albicans, proteus, Ps. aeruginosa

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acute sinusitis

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S pyogenes

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laryngitis and tracheitis

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parainfluenza viruses
also RSV and influenza
CROUP

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bortedella pertussis toxins

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pertussis toxin- signals
adenylate cyclase toxin- inh. chemotxis and phag.
tracheal cytotoxin
endotoxin

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bronchiolitis

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75% RSV
25% myc. pneumoniae
only in children
vaccine for premature babies

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strep. pneumoniae

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classic bact cause of community acquirred pneum.

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major cause of death in developing countries

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measles leading to pneumonia

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Measles signs

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Koplik's spots in mouth- results in otitis media and neum.
give Vit A for prevention
vaccine may induce autism

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aspergillosis- many fungi in this genus

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can form fungal ball in lungs, asthma pts react, gives disseminated disease in AIDS pts

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CF

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all pts at 15yrs have ps. aerunginosa

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styes are caused by

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S aureus

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chlamydia trachomatis

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D-K inclusion conj. an STD
A-C trachoma

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other bact for conjunctivitis

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step pneumoniae, H influenza, Leptospira

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H aegyptius causes

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pink eye

Front 54

killed vaccine produce what type of response

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humoral
and you have to get booster shots

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capsule particle for strep vaccine requires boosters because it is Tind.

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no Th activation so no memory cells

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skin bacteria

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staph epidermis, micrococcus, proprionibacterium, corynebacterium, candida

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upper respiratory tract

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staph. epidermis, S aureus, strep pneumoniae

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lower resp. tract

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NONE

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strep. mutans

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dental caries

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healthy gingiva

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gram positive
strept. sanguis, actinomyces

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sick ginigiva

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gram neg.
porphyromonas, prevetolla, bacteriodes, fusobacterium

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large intestine

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pos- E coli, bacteroids, fusobacterium
neg- lactobacillis, cl. perfringens

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genitourinary tract

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staph epidermis, strept faecalis, Neisseria, E coli sometimes

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bortadella abortus

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5' GMP that prevents degranulation of peroxidases from PMN

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capsules

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pneumococci and meningococci

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streptokinase

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activates plasmin

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coagulase produced by

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staphylococci

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enterotoxins

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cAMP- cholera, E coli, B, cereus
kill cells- Shigella, E coli

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streptococci viridans

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causes endocarditis

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S aureus causes...

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osteomyelitus

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spread via CSF

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mumps- invade
local- Neisseria meningitidis, H influenza, strep pneumoniae

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shed continually-

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EBV, Hep B

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shed intermittently

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HSV, polyoma, malaria, typhoid

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S pyogenes tries to mimic but

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Abs made to both it and self peptide

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schistoma can coate themselves

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avoid detection

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infection of immune cells

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T- HIV, measles
B- EBV
macrophage- HIV leishmania
dendritic- HIV

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N gonorrhea, S pneum., H influenza cleave...

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IgA

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HSV produces gC that is a receptor for

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C3b