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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between serum and plasma?
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Serum does not contain coagulation factors.
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What are the three cellular elements in blood?
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Platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes.
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What are the two types of leukocytes?
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Granulocytes and agranulocytes.
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What are the five types of leukocytes, listed in descending order of prevalence?
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Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils.
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Differentiate nonspecific (natural, innate, inborn) resistance from the immune response.
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Nonspecific resistance doesn't need to be activated by an antigen.
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What are the primary lymphoid organs?
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Bone marrow and thymus.
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Name the secondary lymphoid organs.
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Lymph nodes, Peyer's Patches, spleen (white pulp), tonsils, Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) and appendix.
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Where do T-cells mature?
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In the thymus.
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Where do B-cells meet their antigen?
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Primary follicles of peripheral lymphoid tissue.
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What are three synonyms for secondary response?
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Anamnestic response, booster response and memory response.
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Where are lymphoid progenitor cells created?
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In bone marrow stem cells.
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What is the term that describes what happens when T-lymphocytes develop into cytotoxic/killer cells, helper cells and T-memory cells?
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Clonal expansion.
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Define antigen.
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foreign body, immunogen.
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Define antibody.
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Anti foreign body.
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What is a cross reaction?
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When an antibody responds to a similar, but not original, antigen.
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List four factors that influence antigenicity, in their order of importance.
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Macromolecular class, size/molecular weight, chemical complexity and foreignness.
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Name the five classes of immunoglobulins.
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IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE and IgG.
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Which immunoglobulin is typically found as a pentamer?
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IgM.
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Which immunoglobulin is typically found as a dimer?
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IgA.
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Which immunoglobulin is found in secretions?
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IgA.
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Which immunoglobulin is often seen in allergic reactions?
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IgE.
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Name the three different "blot" techniques and name which sequence is associated with each.
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Northern blot - RNA, Southern blot - DNA and Western blot - proteins.
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Which substance gains antigenicity only when coupled to a protein carrier?
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Haptens.
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Which antibody results from exposure to antigenic material from another species?
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Heteroantibodies.
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Define precipitation.
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A visible result of an antigen-antibody reaction between a soluble antigen and its specific antibody.
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What is used to confirm a positive screening result in testing a patient for HIV antibody?
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Western blot.
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Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?
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IgG.
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Which immunoglobulin is found in the greatest amount in the serum, but is the smallest size?
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IgG.
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Which immunoglobulin is most often associated with the rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis?
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IgM.
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Of the circulating lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, which are in the greatest percentages?
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T lymphocytes.
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If a patient is immunized for rubella, what type of immunity does the patient have?
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Active immunity, because the patient was presented with the antigen and the patient then produced the antibody.
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Name four ways a speckled pattern result from an ANA fluorescent test is confirmed.
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double immunodiffusion, radial immunodiffusion, indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassay.
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Multiple, homogeneous, narrow bands are seen in the gamma zone on electrophoresis of CSF on agarous gel. What disease may this indicate?
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Multiple sclerosis.
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What is the best method for screening syphilis?
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VDRL.
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