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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NFkB signalling is fast because
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the transcription factor is pre-made
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IL-4 causes B cells to do ___, CD4 cells to do ___, and macrophages to ___.
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IgE production
TH2 differentiation be inhibited |
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IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 all cause B cells to do ___.
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proliferation
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the combination of IFNgamma and ___ causes ___. this is an example of ___
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TNF
increased MHC I expression synergy |
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at low doses IFNgamma causes macrophage ____, but at high doses it causes ____.
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activation
inhibition |
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all type I cytokine receptors have a common ___
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gamma chain
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3 things which signal via NFkB
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TLR
TNFa IL-2 |
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TNF is produced by ___ and causes ___ when it binds TNFRI, and ___ when it binds TNFRII.
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macrophages
apoptosis inflammation |
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septic shock can be averted by ___
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TNFRII receptor shedding
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at low concentration, IL-1 causes ___. at high levels, it causes ___.
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local inflammation
acute phase protein synthesis |
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___ regulates IL-1 function by competing for the receptor
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IL-1Ra
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IL-23 causes ___ differentiation. these are associated with ___.
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TH17
autoimmunity |
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TH17 cells release ___. They are suppressed by ___, which is made by TH1 cells and ___, which is made by TH2 cells.
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IL-17
IFNgamma IL-4 |
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___ (2) cells release IL-12 and IL-18 to make ___ cells into ___ cells.
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dendritic
macrophages THnp TH1 |
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TH1 cells release ___ (3) to trigger proliferation
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TNFalpha
IFNgamma IL-2 |
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___ (2) are the primary link between innate and adaptive cell mediated immunity
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IL-12
IL-18 |
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IL-12 signals via
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STAT4
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IL-12 signalling is regulated by constitutive production of ___.
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IL-12 p35
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IL-18 is structurally similar to
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IL-1beta
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TH1 cells use TNFa to ___. this is necessary to ___.
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recruit more macrophages
propagate inflammatory signal |
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IFNalpha is made by ___.
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infected tissue
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IFN beta is made by ___ (2).
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T cells
NK cells |
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IFN gamma is made by ___ (3) cells
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CD4
CD8 NK |
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IL-18 is regulated by ___, which works by ___.
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IL-18bp
binding IL-18 |
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only ___ cells make more IL-2 than they need
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TH1
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IFNgamma effect on B cell
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isotype switch to IgG
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___ chain of IL2R is upregulated in response to ___
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alpha
TCR binding Ag |
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IL-2 is mostly made by ___ but also by ___ (2). It causes ___ after ___.
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CD4 (esp TH1)
CD8 Treg proliferation Ag recognition |
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Treg cells are aka ___. they have ___ but don't have ___.
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CD25+FoxP3
constitutive IL2Ralpha chain expression proliferative response to IL-2 |
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IL-4 together with ___ causes ___.
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IL-2
TH2 polarization |
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IL-4 signals via
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STAT6
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TH2 release of ___ stimulates DC release of IL-4.
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IL-4
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TH2 cells release ___ (3)
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IL-4
IL-13 IL-5 |
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IL-13 ___s macrophage function
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suppresses
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___ causes IgG isotype switch
___ (2) cause IgE isotype switch ___ causes IgA isotype switch |
IFNgamma
IL-4 IL-13 TGFbeta |
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TGFbeta does (3)
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wound healing
blood vessel formation anti-inflammation |
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TGFbeta is made by ___ (2)
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MQs
Treg cells |
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TGFbeta's only positive role in immunity is
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IgA isotype switch
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TGFbeta producing Tregs are aka
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TH3
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TH3 cells can be made in vitro by adding ___
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TGFbeta
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Treg1 cells make and are selected by ___
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IL-10
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3 kinds of suppressor cells
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TH3
Treg1 CD25+ |
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sequence of cytokine production in immune response (5)
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1. IL-2
2. IFNgamma 3. IL-4 4. IL-13, IL-10 5. TGFbeta |
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___ gene is only active in CD25+ cells. it is implicated in a rare form of hereditary ___.
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Fox-P3
autoimmunity |
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When naive T cell binds Ag on MHC in the absence of B7, it becomes ___ or ___.
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anergic
Treg |
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epitope mimicry is aka ___. it happens when ___
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cross reaction
Abs against one Ag in one place attack a similar epitope in another |
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bystander activation is when
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1. infection causes B7 expression
2. innocuous Ags are presented and recognized by self-reactive naive T cell 3. autoimmune reaction results |
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___ sites have increased susceptibility to autoimmune attack. this is because ___. examples are ___ (3)
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immune-privileged
fewer Tregs are present endocrine glands joints CNS |
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ITP is ___. it is an example of ___ hypersensitivity. it happens when a ___ response is mounted against ___. it is treated with ___
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autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura
ADCC platelets IVIg |
