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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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adhesion molecules
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a molecule on a cell surface that interacts with a counter molecule on another cell, causing the two cells to adhere together
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anaphylatoxins
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complement protein fragments that bind receptors on mast cells and basophils, causing their degranulation
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ADCC
antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity |
destruction of cells by natural killer cells following interxn with the Fc region of IgG bound to the cell or microbe
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basophils
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circulating cells that degranulate; counterpart of mast cells
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CRP
C-reactive protein |
an inflammatory protein that acts as an opsonin; secreted by hepatocytes following stimulation with IL-6
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C3
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complement protein that is central to both the alternative and classical pathways of complement
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C3a
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a proteolytic fragment of complement that functions as an anaphylatoxin
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C3b
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a proteolytic fragment of complement that functions as an opsonin
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C5a
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a proteolytic fragment of complement that functions as an anaphylatoxin
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chemokines
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cytokines that serve to attract cells expressing cognate receptors on the cell surface
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chemotactic molecule
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molecules that serve to attract cells expressing their cognate receptors on the cell surface
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chloride ion
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plays a role in host defense in the presence of hydrogen peroxide; myeloperoxidase catalyzes the rxn H2O2 + Cl- + H+ --> hypochlorite (HOCl) + H2O
hypochlorite is a potent antimicrobial agent that mediates its function by halogenating bacterial cell walls |
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chronic granulomatous disease
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genetic disorder that results in an inability to destroy antigen in the phagosome
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diapedesis
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process of moving from blood vessel into tissue
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eosinophils
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cells that play an important role in immunity to helminths
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ECP
eosinophil cationic protein |
protein secreted by eosinophils that is toxic to helminths
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FcεR
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receptor for IgE Fc region
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FcγR
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receptor for IgG Fc region
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hydrogen peroxide
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produced in the phagosome during the biochemical cascade that follows NADPH oxidase activation
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hydroxyl ions
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one of the ROS/ROI produced following NADPH oxidase activation; plays role in destruction of microbes w/in the phagosome
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hydroxyl radical
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one of the ROS/ROI produced following NADPH oxidase activation; plays role in destruction of microbes w/in the phagosome
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hypochlorite
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formed via rxn of hydrogen peroxide, chloride ion, and proton catalyzed by myeloperoxidase
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IgE
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antibody that plays a role in host defense to helminths and allergies
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IgG
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antibody that plays a role in ADCC by NK cells and opsonin-mediated phagocytosis by phagocytes
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iNOS
inducible nitric oxide synthase |
enzyme required to generate NO in phagocytes; requires IFNγ for its induction
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IFNγ
interferon gamma |
cytokine secreted by helper T cells (CD4+ Th1)
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IL-10
interleukin 10 |
cytokine that is inhibitory for antigen-presenting cell secretion of cytokines (e.g. IL-12)
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IL-4
interleukin 4 |
cytokine that plays a role in the switch from IgM to IgE antibodies on B cells
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NK cell KIR
killer inhibitory receptors |
NK cell receptors whose dominant interxn with their cell ligands results in protection of the cell
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lysosomal enzymes
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enzymes present in lysosomes
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lysosomes
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cytoplasmic organelles that contain enzymes
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macrophages
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tissue phagocytes; differentiated monocytes
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MBP
major basic protein |
protein secreted by eosinophils toxic to helminths
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mast cell
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tissue cell that degranulates when ligand binds to receptors on the cell (tissue counterpart of basophils)
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MAC
membrane attack complex |
complex of complement proteins whose insertion into a cell or bacterium causes osmotic lysis
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NADPH oxidase
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enzyme required to initiate a biochemical cascade that results in the production of ROS/ROI
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NK cells
natural killer cells |
cells of innate immunity that kill virally infected cells (and sometimes tumor cells)
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neutrophils
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phagocytes that circulate and enter inflamed tissue
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NO
nitric oxide |
molecule toxic to microbes and produced following induction of iNOS
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NBT
nitroblue tetrazolium test |
test performed to determine whether the NADPH oxidase enzyme complex is functional
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opsonin
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a molecule that binds to microbes and recognized by receptors on phagocytes
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opsonin-mediated phagocytosis
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phagocytosis resulting form the interxn of an opsonin with its receptor on a phagocyte
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opsonization
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refers to the attaching of opsonin to a microbe
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osmotic lysis
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mechanism of cell destruction when a cell membrane ruptures
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perforin
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molecule secreted by cytotoxic cells (NK cells and CD8+ T cells)
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phagolysosome
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vesicle formed by the fusion of a phagosome and lysosome
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phagosome
endosome |
phagocytic vacuole
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primitive pattern recognition receptors
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receptors on phagocytes that recognize sequences on a number of microbes or antigens
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RNSq/RNI
reactive nitrogen intermediates |
e.g. nitric oxide
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ROS/ROI
reactive oxygen intermediates |
e.g. hydroxyl radical
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superoxide ion
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one of several toxic molecules formed following NADPH oxidase activation
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TGFβ
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cytokine that inhibits iNOS
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myeloperoxidase
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enzyme required to form hypochlorite from hydrogen peroxide, chloride ion, and hydrogen ion
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NK cell activating receptor
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receptor present on NK cells; ligand-binding results in activation of NK cells to kill their target (expressing the ligand)
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