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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the two paths of B-Cells that recognize self antigen the centrally?
Apoptosis and receptor editing.
CD4+ T-cells that suppress others centrally or peripherally are _______.
Tregs.
Three mechanisms of T-cell tolerance in periphery?
anergy, apoptosis, suppression by Tregs.
Mechanisms of central tolerance for T-cells?
apoptosis, Treg formation
Negative selection of T-cells centrally requires:
location in thymus, self peptide presented on APC, self reactive TCR
Two mechanisms that form anergic T-Cells peripherally?
signal block (self peptide recognition with no costimulation), inhibitory receptor on T-cells.
Two inhibitory receptors on T-cells are ______ and ______. These replace the activating ______.
CTLA-4, PD1, CD28.

CTLA-4 and PD1 bind B7 on B-Cells.
Two requirements for autoimmunity.
genetic susceptibility and environmental factors.
The protein that expresses self antigens of the periphery in the thymus.
AIRE
What type of self antigen reaction must occur for B-cells to become anergic?
Low avidity
High avidity self antigen recognition by B-Cells results in ______ or ______.
receptor editing, apoptosis.
Two apoptosis pathways
mitchondrial and death receptor
What is CD95?
This is Fas, or the death receptor. This binds FasL and leads to apoptosis.
What types of genes are "associated" with autoimmunity?
MHC (HLA) genes. Certain HLA genes are associated with disease states.

More likely to develop disease if you have HLA
What are "contributor" genes in autoimmunity?
these contribute to disease through complex mechanisms.
______ genes are direct causes of autoimmunity.
Causal. duh.
The _______ pathway leads to activation of Treg cells.
FOXP3
______ is the alpha portion of the IL-2 receptor, a major marker for Treg cells.
CD25.
What are two ways that infections can induce autoimmunity?
Activation of APCs presenting self peptide (they recognize microbes and upregulate costimulators, but present self antigen), and molecular mimicry (microbe has epitope similar to self antigen, cells attack both)
Defects in what three genes CAUSE autoimmunity?
FAS, AIRE, FOXP3.
_______ mutation is associated with alkylosing spondylitis.
HLA-B27 mutation is associated with alkylosing spondylitis.
HLA-B27 mutation is __________ with alkylosing spondylitis.
associated.
_________ mutation is associated with rheumatid arthritis.
HLA DRB1*01/*04/*10
Type 1 DM is associated with ________.
HLA DRB 1*0301/0401
HLA-DR4 is associated with ________.
pemphigus vulgaris.
Diseases with genes that contribute
Contribute:
Crohn’s disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Multiple Sclerosis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus