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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the two paths of B-Cells that recognize self antigen the centrally?
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Apoptosis and receptor editing.
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CD4+ T-cells that suppress others centrally or peripherally are _______.
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Tregs.
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Three mechanisms of T-cell tolerance in periphery?
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anergy, apoptosis, suppression by Tregs.
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Mechanisms of central tolerance for T-cells?
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apoptosis, Treg formation
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Negative selection of T-cells centrally requires:
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location in thymus, self peptide presented on APC, self reactive TCR
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Two mechanisms that form anergic T-Cells peripherally?
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signal block (self peptide recognition with no costimulation), inhibitory receptor on T-cells.
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Two inhibitory receptors on T-cells are ______ and ______. These replace the activating ______.
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CTLA-4, PD1, CD28.
CTLA-4 and PD1 bind B7 on B-Cells. |
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Two requirements for autoimmunity.
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genetic susceptibility and environmental factors.
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The protein that expresses self antigens of the periphery in the thymus.
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AIRE
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What type of self antigen reaction must occur for B-cells to become anergic?
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Low avidity
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High avidity self antigen recognition by B-Cells results in ______ or ______.
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receptor editing, apoptosis.
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Two apoptosis pathways
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mitchondrial and death receptor
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What is CD95?
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This is Fas, or the death receptor. This binds FasL and leads to apoptosis.
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What types of genes are "associated" with autoimmunity?
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MHC (HLA) genes. Certain HLA genes are associated with disease states.
More likely to develop disease if you have HLA |
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What are "contributor" genes in autoimmunity?
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these contribute to disease through complex mechanisms.
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______ genes are direct causes of autoimmunity.
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Causal. duh.
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The _______ pathway leads to activation of Treg cells.
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FOXP3
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______ is the alpha portion of the IL-2 receptor, a major marker for Treg cells.
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CD25.
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What are two ways that infections can induce autoimmunity?
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Activation of APCs presenting self peptide (they recognize microbes and upregulate costimulators, but present self antigen), and molecular mimicry (microbe has epitope similar to self antigen, cells attack both)
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Defects in what three genes CAUSE autoimmunity?
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FAS, AIRE, FOXP3.
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_______ mutation is associated with alkylosing spondylitis.
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HLA-B27 mutation is associated with alkylosing spondylitis.
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HLA-B27 mutation is __________ with alkylosing spondylitis.
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associated.
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_________ mutation is associated with rheumatid arthritis.
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HLA DRB1*01/*04/*10
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Type 1 DM is associated with ________.
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HLA DRB 1*0301/0401
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HLA-DR4 is associated with ________.
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pemphigus vulgaris.
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Diseases with genes that contribute
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Contribute:
Crohn’s disease Rheumatoid arthritis Multiple Sclerosis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |