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12 Cards in this Set

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What are histocompatibility antigens?
The antigens primarily responsible for the rejection of tissues, cells, or organs from genetically dissimilar donors. MAJOR Histocompatability Complex is a group of genes on chrom 6 and will encode surface proteins that are critical for the immune response and the body's ability to discriminate self from non self.
What is the role of MHC genes?
To present peptide to T-cells
Describe Class I MHC molecules
-A,B,C genes (proteins)
-On ALL nucleated cells
-Dimer, MHC heavy chain
-beta 2 microglobulin
-binds 7-15 aa
How do these MHC molecules work?
There's a binding pocket ontop of the cell, and in that pocket is a little peptide. The T-cell that comes in contact with this cell sees the peptide in the binding pocket of the MHC molecule and recognizes it. (T cell only recognizes a few peptides from that virus)
Describe Class II MHC molecules
-DP, DQ, DR genes (alpha and beta for each one)
-on Antigen Presenting Cells (dendritic cells, B lymphocytes, macrophages)
-more important in the initial activation of T cells
What is an allele
one of several alternate forms of a gene at a single locus that controls a particular characteristic; each MHC gene has several alleles in the human population
How do we inherit these HLA genes?
from mother and father, on chromosome 6. Get a whole block of these genes from each of your parents.
What is the Beta-2 Microglobulin?
on MHC Class I
-involved in transport of MHC+ peptide to the surface and stable expression
What do CD8+ T cells recognize?
These are the killer cells. They recognize a foreign peptide on a surface of a cell in a Class I MHC molecule ( on all nucleated cells). This makes sense since we want the killer cell to be able to recognize any virus-infected cell.
What do CD4+ T cells recognize?
These are the regulator cells. They will recognize a peptide on the surface of a cell with Class II MHC molecules (on APC cells, on lymphoid tissues). Once activated, it can help out CD8+
What is Relative Risk?
the chance an individual with the disease-associated HLA antigen has of developing the disease compared with an individual who lacks the antigen. ie if you have a certain HLA allele, you're more likely to have a certain disease. The higher the RR, the most likely you have that disease if you have that allele.
What is the rold of MHC in Organ/tissue graft rejection?
recognition of non-self MHC by recipient T-cells is the major initiating factor for allograft rejection. To minimize rejection, donor and recipient are matched for MHC genes. Less mismatches, greater chance of survival.