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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A pre-disposition to become sensitized to environmental allergens is called _____ and such an individual is referred to as _______ or (commonly) allergic
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A pre-disposition to become sensitized to environmental allergens is called “atopy” and such an individual is referred to as “atopic” or (commonly) allergic
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Type 1 hypersensitivity
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Allergic/anaphylactic/immediate
IgE against allergen + Mast cells Th2 |
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immediate HS reactions begin with activation of _______ T cells, release of ____ and production of _____ antibodies from plasma cells in response to first exposure to an allergen
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immediate HS reactions begin with activation of Th2 T cells, release of IL-4 and production of IgE antibodies from IgE-secreting plasma cells in response to first exposure to an allergen
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Receptor that IgE binds to?
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FcεRI = very high affinity
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IL13?
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Released by Th2, NK, and mast cells
switch to IgE, increased mucus, alternative macrophage development |
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complement anaphalotoxins?
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C5a, C3a, C4a
C5a |
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Define hapten. What is a notable hapten?
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A hapten is a small molecule that can cause an immune response only when attached to a larger protein
PCN is hapten |
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Type 2 hypersensitivity ? 3 major mechanisms?
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Anti-bodies against specific tissue/cell antigens
IgM/IgG AB binds tissue = local infammation AB binds cell antigen = phagocytosis AB binds antigen to cause alteration in function |
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Examples of AB binds tissue = local infammation
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Goodpastures syndrome = anti GBM
Rheumatic fever = strep looks like myocardium |
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Examples of AB binds cell antigen = phagocytosis
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Transfusion reactions
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura drug rxns |
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Examples of AB binds antigen to cause alteration in function
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Myesthenia gravis = anti ach receptor
graves disease = anti TSH pernicious anemia = anti intrinsic factor |
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Type III hypersensitivity?
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Immune complexes
IgG/IgM |
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SLE? manifests as?
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Type 3 hypersensitivity
manifests as nephritis, arthritis, vasculitis |
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Polyarteritis nodosa? manifests as?
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Type 3 hypersensitivity
manifests as vasculitis + uticaria |
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Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis manifests as?
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Type 3 hypersensitivity
manifests as nephritis |
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Serum sickness? manifests as?
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Type 3 hypersensitivity results from injection of large quantities of foreign antigen
often followed administration of therapeutic horse immune serum as treatment for diphtheria toxin, rabies or snake venom manifests as systemic vasculitis, nephritis, arthritis |
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Arthus reaction?
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Type 3 hypersensitivity response that follows subcutaneous injection of an antigen in an individual who already has IgG antibodies against the sensitizing antigen.
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In the Arthus reaction Circulating Ig that has diffused into the skin forms local immune complexes that activate ________ and bind _________ on mast cells
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In the Arthus reaction Circulating Ig that has diffused into the skin forms local immune complexes that activate complement (vasodilation, leukocyte recruitment) and bind FcγRIIII (CD16) on mast cells to activate.
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Arthus reaction manifests as?
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Central wheel of edema (plasma leakage) flare of vascular congestion
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Type IV hypersensitivity? aka?
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T-cell mediated also called Delayed-type Hypersensitivity (DTH)
Th1 and Th17 cells contribute |
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In type IV, Tissue injury results from products of ?
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T cell-activated macrophages (lysosomal enzymes, ROS, cytokines)
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Examples of Type IV reactions?
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Poison Ivy
Type 1 DM RA myco tuberculosis transplant rejection contact dermatitis |
