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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antibiotic/Antimicrobial |
Chemical usually produced by moulds which inhibit growth of other organisms. |
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Broad spectrum anti-microbial |
Acts on wide range of microbes. |
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Narrow spectrum anti-microbial |
Acts on limited number of microbial soecies. |
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Microbiocidal |
Organism lysed or killed by direct damage to susceptible cell targets. |
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Microbiostatic |
Organism multiplication inhibited, destruction relies of host immune defence or anti-microbial action. |
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Selective toxicity |
Anti-microbial has greater toxicity for infecting organism, less toxic to host. |
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Static |
Reversibly inhibit growth, if removed the pathogen will recover. |
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Cidal |
Kills pathogen, concentration dependant, may be static at low levels. |
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Characteristics of Ideal Antibiotic |
1. Selective toxicity 2. Microbiocidal 3. Stable (not broken down or eliminated from the body too quickly). 4. Complementary to host defenses 5. Extensive tissue distribution 6. Remain active in presence of organic compounds |
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Three tests to determine affectiveness of antimicrobial |
1. Dilution susceptibility tests 2. Disk diffusion tests 3. Measurements of drug concentration in blood |
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MIC |
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration The lowest concentration of a drug that prevents growth of a pathogen. |
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MLC |
Minimal Lethal Concentration Lowest drug concentration that kills a pathogen. |
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Antimicrobial drugs can damage pathogens via mechanisms on: |
1. Cell wall synthesis inhibition 2. Protein synthesis inhibition 3. Nucleic acid synthesis inhibition 4. Cell membrane disruption 5. Metabolic antagonism |
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Three mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance |
1. Alteration of target site 2. Enzyme inactivation 3. Alteration of permeability |
