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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Active Immunity |
Immune system produces it's own antibodies Natural- results from individual becoming infected with a disease under normal circumstances,body produces it's own antibodies Artifical- involves inducing an immune response via vaccination |
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Passive Immunity |
Introduction of antibodies into individuals from an outside source,immune system does not produce antibodies of its own Natural- antibodies from mother passed through placenta or breastfeeding milk Artifical- injected with antibodies eg tetanus |
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Differences between active and passive |
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Vaccination. |
Deliberate exposure to harmless antigenic material to activate the immune response and antibodies and memory B cells which provide immunity ●protect individuals that have them and because they reduce the occurrence of the disease,those not vaccinated are also less likely to catch the disease Called herd vaccination |
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Vaccinations,still hard to eradicate a disease |
●fail to induce immunity in certain individuals ●pathogen mutates so antigen changes ( antigenic variation) therefore vaccine no longer effective eg influenza virus mutates a lot ●many variations of a particlar pathogen so it would be impossible to make a vaccine that is effective against them all eg 100 varieties of the common Cold ●individuals may have objections to vaccinations for religious,ethical or medical reasons |
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Ethics of using vaccines |
●Vaccines are tested on animals ●testing on humans is risky,who would take part? ●vaccines have side effects which may cause long term harm ●to be fully effective the whole population should be vaccinated,should vaccination be compulsory |
