Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Describe what happens during clonoal expansion.
|
Lymphoid stem cells differentiate into eith naive TC or naive BC and migrate to secondary lymphoid organs. Each lymphocyte recognizes 1 antigen but together they recognize millions.
|
|
|
What happens during clonal selection?
|
APCs present processed antigen to immune cells. Lymphocytes with compatible receptors are expanded.
TC-->Tc, Treg or Tmem BC--> Plasma cells (antibody secretion) |
|
|
What are the 3 kinds of APCs and what is their MHC type?
|
Dendritic cells
Macrophages Lymphocytes MHC2 |
|
|
All cells from the thymus have what marker?
|
CD2
|
|
|
When a lymphoid stem cell enters the thymus, what is added on and in what order?
|
First, it is coated with CD2.
Then, it gets IL7. Next, Beta and CD3 is added, Finally it gets alpha, TCR, CD4 an CD8 |
|
|
What interaction must happen for a cell to become a Tc cell?
|
After CD2, IL7, Beta and CD3, alpha and TCR and CD4 and CD8 are added, if presented with MHC1, the CD8 binds with it and the cell becomes a cytotoxic TC.
|
|
|
What interactions must happen for a TC to become a helper TC?
|
After Cd2, IL7, beta and CD3, alpha and TCR and CD4 and CD8 are added, if presented with MHC2, ti binds to CD4 receptor and becomes a helper TC.
|
|
|
During antigen processing, commitment to Th1 or Th2 depends on what?
|
Concentraitons of Il12 and IFN gamma-->Th1
Concentrations of IL4 -->Th2 |
|
|
What is the process of maturation of BC development in the bone marrow?
|
Lymphoid stem cell-->proBC-->PreBC and IL7R-->Immature BC-->mature BC-->Immunocompetent BC
|
|
|
What kind of receptor (s) does a BC have?
|
IgD, IgM
|
|
|
How does antigen presentation to the TC occur in the lymph node?
|
Dendritic cell is exposed to antigen-->inflammatory cytokines--> diapedesis and migration to lymph node.Mature detritic cell presents antigen to naive TC in lymph node.
|
|
|
What is a hapten?
|
A hapten is a small molecule which can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein; the carrier may be one which also does not elicit an immune response by itself.
|
|
|
What is MHC? What do they do?
|
Refers to proteins on the surface of all human cells except RBCs. They glue antigen to a cell
|
|
|
What are the MHC class 1 molecules?
What comprises its chains? |
A, B, C
3alpha nad 1beta chain |
|
|
What ar ethe MHC class 2 molecules?
What comprises these chains? |
Dp, Dq, Dr
2 alpha and 2 beta chains |
|
|
How is the CD1 MHC different from MHC1 and MHC2?
|
Narrower receptor that can recognize antigenic lipids.
Made of 3alpha nad 1 beta, like MHC1. |
|
|
What molecules are responsible for presenting antigen to APCs?
|
MHC, CD1, BCRC, TCRC present to dendritic cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes.
|
|
|
What pattern of inheritance does MHC follow?
|
codominant
|
|
|
Who makes antibodies and what are the 5 classes?
|
made by plasma cells.
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD |
|
|
List the major parts and function of antibodies.
|
2 light and 2 heavy peptide chains.
FAB: antigen binding fragment Fc: Crystaline fragment, responsible for biologic function (complement cascade and phagocytosis) |
|
|
What are the unique parts of the TCR?
|
Made of antibody-like transmembrane protein (TCR) and has a group of accessory proteins (CD3) involved in intracellular signaling. Also has the ZAP protein, a cytoplasmic protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling.
|
|
|
What is the most abundant class of immunglob? Tx across the placenta and has 4 subclasses.
|
IgG
|
|
|
Which immunoglob has 2 classes found in blood or body secritions?
|
IgA, J-chain, "secretory piece"
|
|
|
What immunoglob is the largest, it's a pentaer stabilized by a j-chain, made during fetal life, and is the first AB made during primary resposne ot an antigen?
|
IgM
|
|
|
Which immunoglob is in low concentration in the blood, located on survace of BCs, and fxns as one type of bc antigen receptor?
|
IgD
|
|
|
Which immunoglob is least concentrated in cirulation, is amediator of commone allergic responses and defender against parasites?
|
IgE
|
|
|
Which immunoglobulin is a polymere but a monomere as receptor?
|
IgM
|
|
|
Whereas class 1 MHCproteins are asesmbled (with antigenic peptides) in the ER and sent right to the cell membrane, Class II and CD1 differ how?
|
They are also made in ER but an invariant chain is added and both go to the lysosomes to get their antigenic peptides/lipids before going to the membrane.
|
|
|
Do Th interact through antigen specifi or antigen independent mechanisms?
|
Both
|
|
|
What are the 3 thigns that must happen for Th to differentiate?
|
1. MHC2/CD4 interaction
2. CD80/CD29 costimulatory signal 3. Production of ILs and expression of IL-2 receptros drives the process forward |
|
|
If a Th expresses Il-12 and IFN-gamma, it will become what kind of Th?
|
Th1
|
|
|
Which Th subset helps in developing cell mediated immunity? Which on helps in humoral immunity?
|
Th1
Th2 |
|
|
What does "class switch" refer to?
|
During clonal selection, BC can change class of antibody
|
|
|
What is the antigen signal
costimulatory signal cytokine signal for BC clonal selection? |
antigen binds to BCR of BC, antigen processed and CD4/MHC II confirmation.
CD40/CD40L costim. Il-4 released as cytokine from Th cell |
|
|
What is the antigen signal
costimulatory signal cytokine signal for TC activation? |
Antigen signal is MHC 1/CD8
Costim is CD80/CD28 Cytokine is IL2 which promtps cellular differentiation |
|
|
Who recognizes super antigens?
|
not APCs, but he beta subunit on TCRs, MHC II. Activates T lymphocytes-->excessive produciton of cytokines
|
|
|
What are the direct and indirect functions of antibodies?
|
DIrect: neutralization, agglutination, preciptiation.
Indirect: opsonization. |
|
|
What is the dominant immunoglob in the secretory IS?
|
IGA
|
|
|
How do Tc kill? What do they use?
|
Perforin and granzymes, direct receptor ineractoins--> increased Ca in cell--> apoptosis.
|
