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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal Immune Response
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effective protection from infection and disease in response to antigen presented
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Immunodeficiency
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ineffective protection from infection/disease due to inactive receptors involved in immune recognition
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inflammatory reaction
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mutations that render the receptors alway active Hypersensitivity> exaggerated immune response |
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autoimmune
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immune system fails to distinguish self from non-self and mounts a response normal self tissue leading to self destruction
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How age affects immunity
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thin skin decrease in GI tract acidity shallow breathing (decrease in gas exchange) less acidic urine less elastic bladder decrease immune response platelet aggregation |
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How does exercise affect immune system
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moderate, regular exercise- boosts immune system responses strenuous/intense exercise- impairs immune system function temporarily but can have cumulative effects |
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Neck Check
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symptoms above the neck: stuffy nose, sneezing, scratchy throat - if symptoms persist, exercise at half speed - after 10 mins. symptoms alleviated, exercise can completed as usual - if symptoms worsen, cease exercise and rest * if symptoms BELOW neck, muscle pain, cough, diarrhea and vomiting- do not initiate exercise |
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Best ways to prevent infection
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Hand washing disinfection standard precautions |
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latrogenic immunodeficiency
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immunodeficiency caused by a physician, such as use of immunosuppressive drugs, radiation therapy, or spenectomy
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AIDS
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -caused by HIV -retrovirus that infects T4 helper lymphocytes -susceptible to opportunistic infections -decline in death due to improved medical management not behavior changes |
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HIV
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus -no cure or vaccine -focus on prevention -Risk factors: body fluid exchange, intravenous drug use, protected sex, low SES |
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PTA implications : HIV/AIDS
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PTA not at high risk, unless doing wound care -occupational transmission occurs from needle stick, non-intact skin contaminated ( use band-aids and gloves if PTA has open areas -important to be discreet and non-judgemental -be aware of pt. depression/anxiety -education to pt. for good nutrition -reduce infection risk |
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
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not a single disease, multifactorial -virus, immune dysfunction, neuro, cns dysfunction, muscle structure, sleep patterns, genetics, childhood inactivity etc... -no diagnostic test -other dx must be ruled out -common in females -29-35 yrs. old -duration 3-9 yrs -no cure |
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PTA Implications for CFS
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-pt. with CFS < 2 yrs. more likely to improve -controlled, progressive exercises found to be beneficial -similar guidelines as fibromyalgia -over exertion with daily activities can exacerbate fatigue symptoms -do not have internal mechanisms to alert to stop activity |
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Type 1 Hypersensitivity
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-hayfever -rashes -anaphylactic shock -wheezing -increased mucous secretions -bronchospasm -hypotension |
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Type II Hypersensitivity
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body's own tissue is recognized as foreign or nonself -cell membrane destroyed -blood transfusion reactions -hemolytic disease of newborn Myasthenia gravis |
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Type III hypersensitivity
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acute inflammation local tissue injury vasculitis to skin joints> causing synovitis kidneys> causing nephritis pleura> causing pleuritic Systemic lupus erythematosus is classic example |
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Type IV Hypersensitivity
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delayed response, reaction occurs after sensitization -contact dermatitis from something topical -latex sensitivity -TB test |
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PTA implications for hypersensitivity
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-review with pt. for allergens -ask if they use Epipen -caution with latex gloves, therabands -caution with adhensives -awareness of contact reactions to gels, lotions, creams used with treatment -first exposure may be ok but second contact may cause reaction |
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