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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Disease producing micro organisms |
Pathogens |
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2 types of defense mechanisms |
Specific (adaptive) Nonspecific (innate) |
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Mechanical barriers against pathogens |
Skin, cilia mucous, TLR, sneezing & coughing |
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Antiviral substance |
Interferons |
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Chemical messengers |
Cytokines |
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Examples of cytokines |
Histamine, interleukins, lymphokines, interferons |
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5 cardinal signs of inflammation |
Heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function |
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Principal cells involved in phagocytosis |
Neutrophils & monocytes |
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Monocytes develop into |
Macrophages (Large phagocytes) |
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The first line of defense in the body |
Mechanical barrier |
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Antimicrobial protein on the skin's surface that has a tendency to disrupt microbial membranes |
Defensin |
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Pattern recognition receptors |
Toll like receptors (TLR) |
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Tear contains enzyme involved in cell lysis |
Lysozyme |
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NK cells act by producing |
Perforins & granzymes |
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Chemical signal that attracts more white cells to the area of inflammation |
Chemotaxis |
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A type of WBC movement |
Diapedesis |
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Complements are synthesized by |
Hepatocytes (liver cells) |
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Help tag pathogens for destruction |
Complements |
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The process of tagging pathogens for destruction |
Opsonization |
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The two important mechanisms of adaptive immunity |
Specifity & memory |
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Cell mediated immunity is mediated by |
T lymphocytes |
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Two types of T cells |
Helper T cells & cytoxic T cells |
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Humoral immunity is also known as |
Antibody mediated immunity |
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Humoral or antibody mediated immunity occurs by |
B lymphocytes |
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T & B cells are produced in |
Bone marrow |
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T cells mature in |
Thymus gland |
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B cells mature in |
Bone marrow |
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Antigens stimulate the production of |
Antibodies |
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What shape are antibodies |
Y shaped |
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The 5 classes of immunoglobulins |
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD |
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Antibodies are composed of |
Heavy & light polypeptide chains |
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Variable region is the |
Antigen binding site |
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Immunoglobulin transferred from the mother to fetus |
IgG |
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The first antibody produced in response to infection |
IgM |
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Secretory antibody |
IgA Present in all secretion *exocrine glands |
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Antibody involved in allergic reactions |
IgE |
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Example of active natural immunity |
Infection (strept) |
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Example of active artificial immunity |
Immunity vaccine |
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Example of passive natural immunity |
IgG |
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Example of passive artificial immunity |
Gamma globulin |
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Areas on the antigen that initiates an anti-genic response |
Epitope (antigenic determinant) |
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The small molecules that combine with larger molecules to become anti-genic |
Haptens |
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Specific defenses is also known as |
Adaptive or acquired |
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Non-specific defenses is otherwise known as |
Innate |
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Found on the skin surface, that prevent penetration of micro organism and or prevent their growth |
Keratin, defensin, lactic acid |
3 |
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Protein molecules found on cell surface involved in recognition and antigen presentation |
MHC |
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State of immune unresponsiveness |
Anergy |
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Antigen antibody reaction can occur by the following methods: |
precipitation, agglutination, & neutralization |
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Complement can act by one of the following methods: |
Immune complexes, or lysis |
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Immediate responses to allergies are |
IgE mediated |
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Fever results in the production of |
Pyrogen |
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Snake venom contains the enzyme |
Hyaluronidase *Disrupts hyaluronic acid in skin |
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Pathway that is antibody dependent |
Classical |
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Pathways that are antibody independent |
Alternate & lectin |
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Antigenic determinants are called |
Epitope |
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MHC 1 presents the antigen to |
Cytoxic T cells |
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MHC II presents antigens to |
Helper T cells |
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Categories of cytokines |
Interleukins (IL), TNF, CSF, IFN |
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Dendritic cells are derived from |
Monocytes |
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Mast cells are found in |
Most tissues & close to blood vessels |
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Blood type A has |
A antigens, anti B antibodies |
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AB blood type |
Has A & B antigens and no antibodies |
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O blood type has |
No antigens and A & B antibodies |
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Rh + have |
D antigens |
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Cells involved in immune surveillance |
T cells & NK cells |
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Mast cells produce |
Histamine & heparin |
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Immunity |
Resistance |
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Prion |
Infectious protein molecule that affects CNS |
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Cytokines are produced by |
WBCs |
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Capable of stimulating for inhibiting the growth and activity of immune cells |
Cytokines |
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3 types of interferons |
Alpha, beta, & gamma |
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Alpha & beta interferons are produced by |
All cells |
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Gamma interferons are produced by |
Lymphocytes & NK cells |
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Perforin |
Perforates bacterial membrane |
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Perforin |
Perforates bacterial membrane |
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Granzymes |
Gets inside & dissolves bacteria cell |
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Difference between monocytes (macrophages) and neutrophils |
Macrophages- engulfs large particles Neutrophils- engulfs small particles |
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Complements are what type of proteins? |
Globular proteins |
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Number of complements identified |
30 |
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What happens when complements are activated |
They split into fragments *lowercase letter indicates active |
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Most important so in specific defense (adaptive immunity) |
Lymphocytes |
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T cells need |
Antigen presenting cells *B cells do not need |
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T cells need |
Antigen presenting cells *B cells do not need |
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Examples of antigen presenting cells (APC) |
B cell, macrophage, dendrite cells/ Langerhan's cells |
3 |
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Antigen |
Disease causing protein Triggers immune system by producing antibodies |
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Which WBC is not active in innate immunity |
Lymphocytes |
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Immune clearance |
Clearing out antigen antibody complexes (Ag Ab) |
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Auto immune disorder |
When body recognizes self proteins as foreign |
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Primary response |
1st encounter with foreign protein *Lag/latent period before encounter |
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Lymphocytes are known as |
Memory cells |
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Lymphocytes are known as |
Memory cells |
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Secondary response |
2nd encounter with foreign protein |
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Core receptors on T cells |
Helper T cell- CD4 Cytoxic T cell- CD8 |
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B cells convert to |
Plasma cell Plasma cells produce Ab |
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MHC 1 is located |
On every uncleared cell in body & on APCs |
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MHC 1 is located |
On every uncleared cell in body & on APCs |
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MHC II is located |
On APCs |
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Antigen on MHC 1 is presented to |
Cytoxic T cells |
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Antigen on MHC II is presented to: |
Helper T cells |
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Immunoglobulins Primary & secondary response |
Primary response: IgM Secondary response: IgG |
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Immunoglobulins Primary & secondary response |
Primary response: IgM Secondary response: IgG |
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Most abundant (antibody) immunoglobulin |
IgG |
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Immunoglobulins Primary & secondary response |
Primary response: IgM Secondary response: IgG |
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Most abundant (antibody) immunoglobulin |
IgG |
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Antibodies are know as |
Immunoglobulins |
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Immunoglobulins Primary & secondary response |
Primary response: IgM Secondary response: IgG |
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Most abundant (antibody) immunoglobulin |
IgG |
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Antibodies are know as |
Immunoglobulins |
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What occurs at the constant region of an antibody |
Complement fixation, opsonization, activation of NK cells |
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Antigen binds at what area of an antibody |
Variable region |
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