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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Role of the Immune System |
1. Defend against invading pathogens 2. removal of worn-out or damage cells 3. immune surveillance 4. tissue remodeling |
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Lymphoid tissues |
1. Bone Marrow 2. Lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids 3. Spleen 4. Thymus |
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Innate Immunity |
-invariant -early, limited specificity -the first line of defense |
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Adaptive Immunity |
-Variable -later, highly specific -"remembers" infection |
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Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) |
Sensor-integrated effectors -NK cells -Macrophages -Neutrophils
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Barrier Tissues |
physical barriers with anti-microbial secretions include the skin and all mucosal surfaces (gut, respiratory tract, repro tract) |
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Mucosal surfaces (gut) |
physical -epithelial cells-cilia -mucous Secretions -lysozyme -digestive acid and enzymes Comensal organisms GALT
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Mucosal Surfaces (airways) |
Physical -hairs -epithelial cells -mucous -reflex mechanisms secretions -cathelicidins aveloar macrophages MALT |
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Inflammation |
Calor (fever), Rubor (redness), Tumor (swelling), Dolor(pain)
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Tissue sentinels |
-Sense non-self molecules -Phagocytose and activate -kill pathogen and process antigen -secrete chemokines and cytokines to recruit and activate other leukocytes |
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Complement |
proteins that assist in phagocytosis and direct killing
activated by presence of pathogens (LPS), Cytokines and antibodies |
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Opsonins |
-coat bacteria to opsonize alone -coat bacteria, bind antibodies such that both complement and antibodies serve as opsonins |
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Virally infected cells |
-Infected cells secrete interferons (type of cytokines) -Natural Killer cells
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Natural Killer Cells |
-a key type of leukocyte of innate immune system -act against cells displaying abnormal proteins on surface, secreting interferons -immediate activity -destroy virally infected or malignant cells |
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Pathogens |
biological agent that causes disease or illness |
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Bacteria |
-unicellular organisms (spheres or rods) -prokaryotic -lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -most common bacterial infections are extracellular -not all bacteria are pathonogenic |
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Viruses |
-not all independent living organism -DNA or RNA with protein capsid -intracellular pathogens(must gain entry into cells) |
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Adaptive Immunity |
-specific response to specific pathogen -innate immune protection is early start of adaptive response -peak adaptive response to invasion takes days to weeks to develop -humoral or cell-mediated response |
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humoral immunity |
-occurs in extracellular fluid-plasma, lymph and tissue fluid -primarily an antibody response
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Roles of antibody |
tag pathogens for destruction by innate immune system -activation of complement C1 eventually leading to formation of membrane attack complex -enhance phagocytosis by opsonization of pathogen -stimulation of KC -direct attack and formation of H2O2 |
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Immunological memory |
-adaptive branch of immune system "remembers" pathogen/antigen -memory cells from B-cell differentation |
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B-Cells |
-small percentage of B-cells do not turn into plasma cells after activation, but go dormant in lymphoid tissues -upon re-exposure to pathogen mounts quicker, greater, and longer immune response -attack from outside cells |
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T-cells |
-attack from inside cells -Killer T-cells bind to infected cells and perforin makes holes in membrane, infected cell lyses |
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MHC-1 |
Major Histocompatibility complex (Tells the body which cells are its own) |
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Th-1 cells |
activate cytotoxic t cell via secretion of IL-2 |
