Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 4 Major Anatomical Divisions of Mucosa? Collectively, what are they known as?
|
2-7
-Nasal -Bronchial -Gut -Reproductive (Urogenital) -Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissues (MALT) |
|
|
Which Mucosal Tissues are the Following Diseases associated with?
-Shigella -Pneumonia -Polio -Chlamydia -Gonorrhea -Salmonella -Influenza -HIV |
2-8
-GALT -NALT AND BALT -GALT -RALT -RALT -GALT -NALT AND BALT -RALT |
|
|
What types of Antibodies are associated with Mucosal Tissue?
|
2-9
-IgA |
|
|
Where are Peyer's Patches found?
|
2-10
-GALT |
|
|
What is Waldeyer's Ring?
|
2-11
-"Entrance" to BALT + NALT |
|
|
What are the different cellular elements of GALT?
|
2-13
-Epithelial Cells -Goblet Cells -Paneth Cells -M Cells |
|
|
What do Paneth Cells do?What effect does this have on Crypts?
|
2-14
-Secrete Antimicrobial Peptides -Keeps Crypts Relatively Sterile |
|
|
What is the main effector site in Mucosa?
|
2-14
-Lamina Propria |
|
|
Where is IgA Produced in the gut? Where does it end up?
|
2-15
-Made in the Lamina Propria -Transported to the Mucosal Environment |
|
|
What do goblet cells do?
|
2-15
-Secrete Mucus |
|
|
Where are Paneth Cells found? What do they release?
|
2-16
-At the bottom of Crypts -Release Anti-microbial petides - Mainly Beta-Defensins |
|
|
Where are Lymphoid Follicles found in the Gut?
|
2-19
-Under the Epithelium -Sitting like Golf Balls in the Grass |
|
|
What is a Peyer's Patch? Where are they located?
|
2-20
-Cluster of Follicles -Directly under Epithelial Cells |
|
|
What is an M Cell? Where are they found?
|
2-22, 23
-Microfold Cells -Interspersed at the top of Follicles |
|
|
What are M Cells composed of? What do they do?
|
2-23
-Lymphoid Cells, Macrophages, and DCs -They are the major way our bodies sample Antigens |
|
|
How do the Dendritic Cells in M Cells get Antigen? What is another way M Cells can get Antigens?
|
2-25
-By sending a "Periscope" out -Transcytose them |
|
|
What happens to T and Plasma Cells during Immune Response in the Gut?
|
2-27
-T Cells - go to infection -Plasma Cells - Stay at Lymph Node or go to Bone Marrow and Secrete Antibodies |
|
|
What is unique about Effector Homing in a Mucosal Immune Response?
|
2-28
-They home to Protect the Entire Mucosa -Not just the site of Infection |
|
|
Describe how IgA functions.
|
2-28
-Non-Inflammatory -Neutralizes -Doesn't activate complement -Doesn't engage macrophages or NK Cells |
|
|
What is all Mucosal Tissue active in a Mucosal Response?
|
2-30
-Antigens are sampled -Activated APCs can activate T and Be Cells directly in Lymphoid Follicles -They can also travel further into the body (Mesenteric Lymph Nodes) Mesenteric Lymph Nodes line the whole gut -T and B Cells will leave through Efferent Lymphatics from these Lymph Nodes -Are then in the blood and can go all over |
|
|
Where do B Cells complete proliferation to Plasma Cells during an Immune Response in the Gut?
|
1-31
-Lamina Propria -They commit to IgA Production very early |
|
|
What is the most abundant Immunoglobulin in Blood Serum? In the Body?
|
1-36
-IgG -IgA |
|
|
IgA is a poor activator of complement mofo.
|
pucker
|
|
|
What is MADCAM?
|
1-41
-Cell Adhesion Molecule -Expressed on Endothelial Cells of the Mucosal System -Integrins are expressed by T and B Cells that Home to these MADCAM |
|
|
What types of Bacteria are protective in the Gut?
|
1-44
Probiotic |
|
|
How does the Immune System try to Prevent Inflammatory Responses in the Gut?
|
2-47
-Tregs -Produce TGF-Beta and IL-10 Induces B Cells to COmmit to IgA Production -Attempt by Immune System to Prevent Inflammatory Responses in the Gut |
|
|
What Happens in Celiac Disease?
|
1-49
-Loss of Tolerance to an Innocuous Antigen -Loss of Tolerance to Gluten - Wheat -Leads to an Autoimmune Response |
|
|
What enzyme's Activity is interrupted in Celiac Disease? What does this enzyme normally do? What is the result?
|
1-50
-Tissue Transglutaminase (TTG) -Normally Breaks down Gluten -Now we can't break down Gluten (Malnutrition) and the Peptide looks foreign (Anti-TTG and Endomysium [Interesting] Antibody Production) |
|
|
What happens to Villi in the Gut during Celiac Disease
|
2-52
-Vilus Atrophy -Inflammatory Shit -Villi get shorter and shorter |
|
|
How can you diagnose patients with Celiac Disease
|
2-53
-Antibodies against Gliaden and Endomysium |
