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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What must the Immune System be able to do to be effective?
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1-2
-Destroy Pathogens -Recognize and destroy altered or damaged self -Not attack Self (Tolerance) -Fornicate your mother |
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What types of Antigens should the Immune System be non-responsive to?
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1-3
-Self Antigens -Harmless Antigens |
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What type of Diseases result from Over-activation of the Immune System?
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1-5
-Autoimmune -Inflammatory |
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What type of Diseases result from Over-Suppression of the Immune System?
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1-6
-Immunodeficiency |
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In general, how do Active Mechanisms of Tolerance work?
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1-9
-Suppressor Cells - Lots of Different Kinds |
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In general, how do Passive Tolerance of Function work?
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1-9
-Systemic Modulation of Tolerance Mechanisms - Hormones and Neural |
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What is Immune Privilege?
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1-10
-When Tolerance is Enhanced (Stronger) in certain areas |
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What TYPES of places would you expect to see Immune Privilege? Where?
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1-10
-Where you really don't want to kill shit -Brain -Eye -Gonads -Pregnant Uterus |
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What is Central Tolerance?
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1-11
-Clonal Deletion of Self-Specific T Cells -Killed if they attack self r attack other shit too strongly |
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What is called when T Cells that have a super-high affinity for T Cell Receptors during thymic education are killed?
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1-12
-Negative Selection |
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What is Passive Tolerance?
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1-14
-When a T Cell interacts with an APC without a Co-stimulatory Signal. Usually this is in response to Self. The T Cell is then put in a state of Anergy. |
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What is the Costimulatory Signal on T Cells?
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1-15
-T Cell - CD28 -APC - B7 |
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What does CTLA-4 do?
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1-16
-Inhibits Costimulation by Interacting with B7 of the APC -Shuts off Previously Activated T Cell Response? |
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When is CTLA-4 Expressed?
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1-16
-After T Cells begin to be activated -Constitutively Expressed - Induced |
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How does CD40L work and where is it found?
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1-19
-On T Cells -Interacts with CD40 on APC -Stimulates APCs to express B7 -Makes APCs less discriminating -This stimulates more T Cells Activation |
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What types of T Cells perform Inhibitory Interactions?
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1-20
-Tregs |
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What types of T Cells are Tregs, mostly?
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1-22
-Helper T Cells |
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What types of Tregs are involved in Central Tolerance? Peripheral Tolerance?
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1-22
-Natural -Peripheral |
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What mechanisms do Tregs use to Suppress the Immune System
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1-23
-Contact Dependent -Cytokine Mediated |
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Which Cytokines are used to Suppress the Immune System by Tregs?
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1-24
-IL-10 -TGF-Beta |
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How does the CTLA-4 on Tregs cause Suppression?
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1-25
-It has an effect back on APCs and results in Tolerogenic APCs (shuts them off) -Tolerogenic APCs then make more Tregs -Result is a Feed-Forward Suppression |
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What effect do TGF-Beta and IL-10 have on APCs? What effect does this have on Tregs
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1-29
-Influence Differentiation of APCs and make them more Tolerogenic -Causes more Tregs to be Produced -The Action of APCs cause Induction of Tregs in CD4 T Cells |
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What type of action does TGF-Beta generally have? What is its 1st response?
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1-30
-Inhibitory/Suppressive -Inflammatory |
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How does Specific Suppression Result?
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1-31
-T Cells induce a Treg - Results in Induced Tregs -When Induced Tregs see the same antigen again (from APCs), the are activated to be More Suppressive -Reduces Activation of Other T Cells specific for that Antigen |
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Which Cytokines are needed to Induced a Naive T Cells to a Treg?
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1-32,54
-TGF Beta -FOXP3 -NO IL-6!!!!! - If IL-6 is present, we get a Th17 Cell |