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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What must the Immune System be able to do to be effective?
1-2
-Destroy Pathogens
-Recognize and destroy altered or damaged self
-Not attack Self (Tolerance)
-Fornicate your mother
What types of Antigens should the Immune System be non-responsive to?
1-3
-Self Antigens
-Harmless Antigens
What type of Diseases result from Over-activation of the Immune System?
1-5
-Autoimmune
-Inflammatory
What type of Diseases result from Over-Suppression of the Immune System?
1-6
-Immunodeficiency
In general, how do Active Mechanisms of Tolerance work?
1-9
-Suppressor Cells - Lots of Different Kinds
In general, how do Passive Tolerance of Function work?
1-9
-Systemic Modulation of Tolerance Mechanisms - Hormones and Neural
What is Immune Privilege?
1-10
-When Tolerance is Enhanced (Stronger) in certain areas
What TYPES of places would you expect to see Immune Privilege? Where?
1-10
-Where you really don't want to kill shit
-Brain
-Eye
-Gonads
-Pregnant Uterus
What is Central Tolerance?
1-11
-Clonal Deletion of Self-Specific T Cells
-Killed if they attack self r attack other shit too strongly
What is called when T Cells that have a super-high affinity for T Cell Receptors during thymic education are killed?
1-12
-Negative Selection
What is Passive Tolerance?
1-14
-When a T Cell interacts with an APC without a Co-stimulatory Signal. Usually this is in response to Self. The T Cell is then put in a state of Anergy.
What is the Costimulatory Signal on T Cells?
1-15
-T Cell - CD28
-APC - B7
What does CTLA-4 do?
1-16
-Inhibits Costimulation by Interacting with B7 of the APC
-Shuts off Previously Activated T Cell Response?
When is CTLA-4 Expressed?
1-16
-After T Cells begin to be activated
-Constitutively Expressed - Induced
How does CD40L work and where is it found?
1-19
-On T Cells
-Interacts with CD40 on APC
-Stimulates APCs to express B7
-Makes APCs less discriminating
-This stimulates more T Cells Activation
What types of T Cells perform Inhibitory Interactions?
1-20
-Tregs
What types of T Cells are Tregs, mostly?
1-22
-Helper T Cells
What types of Tregs are involved in Central Tolerance? Peripheral Tolerance?
1-22
-Natural
-Peripheral
What mechanisms do Tregs use to Suppress the Immune System
1-23
-Contact Dependent
-Cytokine Mediated
Which Cytokines are used to Suppress the Immune System by Tregs?
1-24
-IL-10
-TGF-Beta
How does the CTLA-4 on Tregs cause Suppression?
1-25
-It has an effect back on APCs and results in Tolerogenic APCs (shuts them off)
-Tolerogenic APCs then make more Tregs
-Result is a Feed-Forward Suppression
What effect do TGF-Beta and IL-10 have on APCs? What effect does this have on Tregs
1-29
-Influence Differentiation of APCs and make them more Tolerogenic
-Causes more Tregs to be Produced
-The Action of APCs cause Induction of Tregs in CD4 T Cells
What type of action does TGF-Beta generally have? What is its 1st response?
1-30
-Inhibitory/Suppressive
-Inflammatory
How does Specific Suppression Result?
1-31
-T Cells induce a Treg - Results in Induced Tregs
-When Induced Tregs see the same antigen again (from APCs), the are activated to be More Suppressive
-Reduces Activation of Other T Cells specific for that Antigen
Which Cytokines are needed to Induced a Naive T Cells to a Treg?
1-32,54
-TGF Beta
-FOXP3
-NO IL-6!!!!! - If IL-6 is present, we get a Th17 Cell