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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
algorithm
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the sequence of steps necessary to solve any problem
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output symbol
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A symbol that indicates output operations, and is represented as a parallelogram in flowcharts.
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camel casing
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The format for naming variables in which the initial letter is lowercase, multiple-word variable names are run together, and each new word within the variable name begins with an uppercase letter
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central processing unit (CPU)
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The piece of hardware that processes data
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character
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A letter, number, or special symbol such as "A", "7", or "$"
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output device
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A computer device such as a printer or monitor that lets people view, interpret, and work with information processed by the computer
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loop structure
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A structure that repeats actions based on the answer to a question
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nested decision
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A decision "inside of" another decision. Also called a nested if.
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Object-Oriented programming
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a programming technique that focuses on objects, or procedural programming.
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nested loop
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A loop structure within another loop structure; nesting loops are loops within loops. See also inner loop and outer loop.
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compiler
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Software that translates a high-level language into machine language and tells you if you have used a programming language incorrectly. Similar to an interpreter
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machine language
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a computer's on/off circuitry language; the low level language made up of 1s and 0s
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procedural programming
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a programming technique that focuses on the procedures or modules that programmers create. Contrast with object-oriented programming.
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posttest loop
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A loop in which a cinsition is tested after the loop body has executed, such as do-while and do-until loops. Contrast with pretest loop.
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connector symbol
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A flowchart symbol used when limited page size forces you to continue the flowchart elsewhere on the same page or on another page
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low-level language
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a programming language not far removed from machine language, as opposed to a high level programming language
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processing symbol
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a symbol that contains program processes, such as arithmetic statements, and is represented as a rectangle in flowcharts
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data
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All the text, numbers, and other information that are processed by a computer
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pretest loop
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A loop in which a condition is tested before entering the loop even once. Contrast with a posttest loop.
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decision symbol
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A symbol that represents a decision in a flowchart, and is shaped like a diamond
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pseudocode
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an English-like representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
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interpreter
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software that translates a high level language into machine language and tells you if you have used a programming language incorrectly. similar to a compiler. However, an interpreter translates one statement at a time.
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executing
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to have a computer use a written and compiled program. Also called running
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internal storage
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temporary storage within the computer; also called memory, main memory, primary memory, or random access memory (ram)
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selection structure
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A program structure in which you ask a question, and, depending on the answer, you take one of two course of action. Then, no matter which path you follow, you continue with the task.
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input symbol
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a symbol that indicates input operations and is represented as parallelograms in flowcharts
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external storage
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Persistent, relatively permanent storage outside the main memory of the machine, on a device such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or flash media
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sequence structure
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A program structure in which you perform an action or task, and then you perform the next action, in order. A sequence can contain any number of tasks, but there is no chance to branch off and skip any of the tasks.
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Input device
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hardware such as keyboards, mice; these devices enter data into the computer, also from storage devices such as cd's
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flowchart
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A type of pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem
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infinite loop
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a repeating flow of logic w/o an end
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scripting language
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a language such as Python, Lua, Perl, or PHP used to write programs that are typed directly from a keyboard and are stored as text rather than as binary executable files. Also called scripting programming languages or script languages.
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syntax
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the rules of a language
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flowline
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An arrow that connects the steps in a flowchart
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high-level programming language
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a programming language like english as opposed to a low level one
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single-alternative if
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A selection structure where action is required for only one branch of the decision. You call this form of the selection structure an if-then, because no "else" action is necessary. Also called a single-alternative selection.
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hardware
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the equipment of a computer system
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spaghetti code
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Snarled, unstructured program logic.
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volatile
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the characteristic of internal memory, which loses its contents every time the computer loses power
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stacking
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To attach program structures end-to-end.
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structure
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A basic unit of programming logic; each structure is a sequence, selection, or loop.
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graphical user interface (GUI)
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A program interface that uses screens to display program output and allows users to interact with a program in a graphical environment
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while loop
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a loop in which a condition is tested before entering the loop even once, and in which the body continues to execute while some condition continues to be true
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case structure
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a structure that provides a convenient alternative to using a series of decisions when you must make choices based on the value stored in a single variable.
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do-while loop
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a loop in which a procedure executes at least once; then, as long as a test condition remains true, the loop executes additional times.
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do-until loop
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A loop in which a procedure executes at least once; then, as long as a test condition remains false, the loop executes additional times.
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dual-alternative if
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A selection structure that defines one action to be taken when the tested condition is true, and another action to be taken when it is false
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decision structure
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a program structure in which you ask a question, and, depending on the answer. you take on of two courses of action. Then, no matter which path you follow, you continue with the next task. See also selection structure, if-then, and if-then-else.
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dual-alternative selection
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A selection structure that defines one action to be taken when the tested condition is true, and another action to be taken when it is false
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binary
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a numbering system that uses two values, 0s and 1s.
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