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50 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
algorithm
the sequence of steps necessary to solve any problem
output symbol
A symbol that indicates output operations, and is represented as a parallelogram in flowcharts.
camel casing
The format for naming variables in which the initial letter is lowercase, multiple-word variable names are run together, and each new word within the variable name begins with an uppercase letter
central processing unit (CPU)
The piece of hardware that processes data
character
A letter, number, or special symbol such as "A", "7", or "$"
output device
A computer device such as a printer or monitor that lets people view, interpret, and work with information processed by the computer
loop structure
A structure that repeats actions based on the answer to a question
nested decision
A decision "inside of" another decision. Also called a nested if.
Object-Oriented programming
a programming technique that focuses on objects, or procedural programming.
nested loop
A loop structure within another loop structure; nesting loops are loops within loops. See also inner loop and outer loop.
compiler
Software that translates a high-level language into machine language and tells you if you have used a programming language incorrectly. Similar to an interpreter
machine language
a computer's on/off circuitry language; the low level language made up of 1s and 0s
procedural programming
a programming technique that focuses on the procedures or modules that programmers create. Contrast with object-oriented programming.
posttest loop
A loop in which a cinsition is tested after the loop body has executed, such as do-while and do-until loops. Contrast with pretest loop.
connector symbol
A flowchart symbol used when limited page size forces you to continue the flowchart elsewhere on the same page or on another page
low-level language
a programming language not far removed from machine language, as opposed to a high level programming language
processing symbol
a symbol that contains program processes, such as arithmetic statements, and is represented as a rectangle in flowcharts
data
All the text, numbers, and other information that are processed by a computer
pretest loop
A loop in which a condition is tested before entering the loop even once. Contrast with a posttest loop.
decision symbol
A symbol that represents a decision in a flowchart, and is shaped like a diamond
pseudocode
an English-like representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
interpreter
software that translates a high level language into machine language and tells you if you have used a programming language incorrectly. similar to a compiler. However, an interpreter translates one statement at a time.
executing
to have a computer use a written and compiled program. Also called running
internal storage
temporary storage within the computer; also called memory, main memory, primary memory, or random access memory (ram)
selection structure
A program structure in which you ask a question, and, depending on the answer, you take one of two course of action. Then, no matter which path you follow, you continue with the task.
input symbol
a symbol that indicates input operations and is represented as parallelograms in flowcharts
external storage
Persistent, relatively permanent storage outside the main memory of the machine, on a device such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or flash media
sequence structure
A program structure in which you perform an action or task, and then you perform the next action, in order. A sequence can contain any number of tasks, but there is no chance to branch off and skip any of the tasks.
Input device
hardware such as keyboards, mice; these devices enter data into the computer, also from storage devices such as cd's
flowchart
A type of pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem
infinite loop
a repeating flow of logic w/o an end
scripting language
a language such as Python, Lua, Perl, or PHP used to write programs that are typed directly from a keyboard and are stored as text rather than as binary executable files. Also called scripting programming languages or script languages.
syntax
the rules of a language
flowline
An arrow that connects the steps in a flowchart
high-level programming language
a programming language like english as opposed to a low level one
single-alternative if
A selection structure where action is required for only one branch of the decision. You call this form of the selection structure an if-then, because no "else" action is necessary. Also called a single-alternative selection.
hardware
the equipment of a computer system
spaghetti code
Snarled, unstructured program logic.
volatile
the characteristic of internal memory, which loses its contents every time the computer loses power
stacking
To attach program structures end-to-end.
structure
A basic unit of programming logic; each structure is a sequence, selection, or loop.
graphical user interface (GUI)
A program interface that uses screens to display program output and allows users to interact with a program in a graphical environment
while loop
a loop in which a condition is tested before entering the loop even once, and in which the body continues to execute while some condition continues to be true
case structure
a structure that provides a convenient alternative to using a series of decisions when you must make choices based on the value stored in a single variable.
do-while loop
a loop in which a procedure executes at least once; then, as long as a test condition remains true, the loop executes additional times.
do-until loop
A loop in which a procedure executes at least once; then, as long as a test condition remains false, the loop executes additional times.
dual-alternative if
A selection structure that defines one action to be taken when the tested condition is true, and another action to be taken when it is false
decision structure
a program structure in which you ask a question, and, depending on the answer. you take on of two courses of action. Then, no matter which path you follow, you continue with the next task. See also selection structure, if-then, and if-then-else.
dual-alternative selection
A selection structure that defines one action to be taken when the tested condition is true, and another action to be taken when it is false
binary
a numbering system that uses two values, 0s and 1s.