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12 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Radiology (X-rays)
An x-ray is test that uses a small amount of radiation to create an image of the structures within the body.
X-rays work because the body's tissues vary in density (thickness). Bones and tissues call lungs are allow x-rays to pass through which result in a black and white image.
X-rays
X-rays may be used to help diagnose and plan treatment for various conditions, inculding:
-fractures (breaks) of the bones
-Lung disorders such as pneumonia, emphysema, and lung cancer
-Heart disorders such as congestive heart failure (which causes the heart to enlarge)
Fluoroscopy
uses a continuous beam of X-rays to evaluate structures and movement within the body, such as food moving through the digestive tract.
A dye (contrast material) that shows up on x-rays can be injected or swallowed during fluoroscopy to outline organs or blood vessels.
Fluoroscopy is done during cardiac catheterizaion to evaluate the condition of the coronary arteries and the flow of blood trhough them.
Fluoroscopy may also be used to evaluate the condition of the urinary tract or the digestive tract.
Cineradiography
Cineradiography is a motion picture study of successive images appearing on a fluoroscopic screen. A movie camera is used to film the images of internal body structures that are produced through fluoroscopy.
Such as the gastrointestinal tract and the heart.
computed Tomography (CT)
Computed tomography (CT), which is sometimes referred to as computerized axial tomography (CAT), is a special x-ray that scans an area of the body one layer (slice) at a time. These slices create a three-dimensional images of the part of the body.
CT scan
provide detailed images of structures inside the body, such as bones, internal organs or glands, the sinus cavities, and the brain. A CT scan is most often done on one specific area of the body, such as the head or abdomen.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that can provide a detailed picture of structures and organs inside the body. It uses a powerful magnetic field and radio signals to create the picture. MRI often provides more detail than other tests, such as a CT scan, and does not require the use of radiation.
MRI is most effective at providing pictures of tissues or organs that contain water. It is not as useful for looking at structures that do not contain water (such as BONES).
MRI
It may be used to create images of:
-the brain (where it can detect tumors, bleeding, aneurysms, or lesions from diseases such as multiple sclerosis).
-Internal organs and glands (where it can detect problems such as tumors, bleeding, infection, or blockage).
-Blood vessels (for example, it can be used to measure the size of an aortic aneurysm).
-Joints, including the joints of the spine (where it can detect problems such as joint injuries or herniated disks).
Ultrasound (US)
An ultrasound is a procedure that uses reflected sound waves to produce a picture of organs and other structures in the body. The procedure for ultrasound varies a bit depending on the part of the body that is being imaged.
A picture of the organs and blood vessels in the abdomen can then be seen on the video monitor. The picture produced by ultrasound is called a sonogram or an echogram.
Doppler Ultrasound
A Doppler ultrasound uses reflected sound waves to evaluate blood as it flows through a blood vessel. It helps doctors evaluate blood flow through the major arteries and veins of the arms, legs, and neck. It shows blocked or reduced blood flow int the arteries of the neck that could link to a stroke.
Nuclear Medicine Imaging
in nuclear medicine imaging, radiopharmaceuticals are taken internally--for example intravenously, orally, or by inhalation. In nuclear medicine, the radiation is deliberately placed inside the obyd, and then special cameras or scanners detect the radiation that is emitted. That's why nuclear medicine imaging is sometimes referred to as an "inside out" x-ray.
Nuclear Medicine Imaging
There are several different techniques used in diagnostic nuclear medicine. Here are the three main techniques:
-Scintigraphy--use of a gama camera to produce a two-dimensional (2-D) image.
-SPECT--stands for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography. It involves the use of a gama camera, but it produces three-dimensional (3-D) images. A computer is then used to reconstruct the multiple projections in a tomoggraphic (cross-sectional) manner, yielding a 3-D image.
-PET--stands for Positron Emission Tomography. PET involves the use of a specialized piece of equipment called a PET scanner, which resembles a CT or MRI machine. Because PET imaging is most useful in combination with anatomical imaging, such as CT, modern PET scanners are now availabel with integrated hig-end CT scanners (so-called "PET/CT")