Imaging Of Abdomen And Gi Tract

Front 1

When looking at the Pharynx, what 2 areas should be observed?

Back 1

Epiglottis
Cricopharyngeus M

Front 2

When would an image of the Epiglottis be contraindicated for using a barium swallow?

Back 2

Perforated GI tract

Front 3

What is a narrowing of the lower part of the esophagus?

Back 3

Schatzki ring

Front 4

Wha 3 things should you check when looking at the epiglottis?

Back 4

1.masses
2hypopharynx should be close to spine
3.swollen epiglottis or arytenoid tissue

Front 5

Too much space between the Hypopharynx and the spine would be indicative of what?

Back 5

Retropharyngeal Absess

Front 6

If foreign body is above GE jxn what should be done? below the GE jxn?

Back 6

above- must be removed
below- nothing, it will pass

Front 7

What esophageal contraction wave last 6-8 secs and propels the bolus?

Back 7

Primary- starts with swallowing

Front 8

What esophageal contraction is the wave initiated by esophageal distention or Gastric Reflux?

Back 8

Secondary

Front 9

What is a nonperistaltic, disorganized and weak esophageal contraction that is commonly seen in the elderly?

Back 9

Teritary

Front 10

What is another name for the Tertiary Esophageal Contraction?

Back 10

Rosary Bead effect

Front 11

What is it when gastric mucosa of stomach has come up into the esophagus?

Back 11

Sliding Hiatal Hernia- most common (look for air fluid level and big dark spaces)

Front 12

What is it when gastric mucosa of stomach herniates up next to the esophagus?

Back 12

Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia- rare

Front 13

What are two examples of Hiatal Hernia?

Back 13

Sliding
Paraesophageal

Front 14

What is a true esophageal diverticulum?

Back 14

all 3 have to herniate!

Front 15

Give an example of a True Esophageal Diverticulum?

Back 15

Traction- midesophagus is pulled up by nodes in the hilum- pulls all 3 layers

Front 16

What are 2 examples of Esophageal Diverticulums?

Back 16

Traction -true
Pulsion- not true

Front 17

With Pulsion Esophageal Diverticulum what herniates?

Back 17

mucosa and submucosa

Front 18

What is a hernia proximal to the cricopharyngeus M and that moves posterolaterally and causes dysphagia and bad breath?

Back 18

Zenkers

Front 19

What is a hernia distal to the esophageal hiatus?

Back 19

Epinphric- rare

Front 20

What demarks the end of the duodenum?

Back 20

Ligament of Treitz

Front 21

How do you determine the Air contrast of the stomach?

Back 21

give them air-producing tablets and barium. take a Fluoxoscopy for most accurate pics.

Front 22

What is a peristaltic area seperating the antrum and body of the stomacy?

Back 22

Incisura Angularis

Front 23

What should you suspect with a filling defect of the stomach?

Back 23

cancer

Front 24

A bulge in the Lesser Curvature of the stomach, assume it what?

Back 24

Diverticulum OR Ulcer

Front 25

When looking at Lesser Curvature of stomach you see a bulge with radiallucency at its base. What is this?

Back 25

Ulcer

Front 26

What the is the radial lucency at the base of an ulcer?

Back 26

Hampton's line--ALWAYS benign

Front 27

What must be done to get an image of the jejunum?

Back 27

must apply pressure!

Front 28

What image has a coiled, spring appearance with no intended serosa?

Back 28

Jejunum (you'll lots of straight lines)

Front 29

What is the best way to see the Appendix?

Back 29

CT

Front 30

What in the GI tract can cause a filling defect and is often confused as polyps?

Back 30

Ileocecal Valve

Front 31

On a CT, the sigmoid should lies to the ________of the sacrum. If not, then it's abnormal.

Back 31

Right

Front 32

In GI when you have an abrupt change from normal, assume its what?

Back 32

cancer- changes fast!
If it was inflammation then it would move slowly

Front 33

What are the 3 types of Mural lesions (Mucousal Lesions) we talked about?

Back 33

Polyp on stalk
Diverticulum or Ulcer
Apple Core Cancer

Front 34

What type of Mural lesion bulges in and is seen as a filling defect with barium swallow?

Back 34

Polyp on stalk

Front 35

What type of Mural lesion pouches on an AP view and has solid color with a lateral view?

Back 35

Diverticulum or Ulcer

Front 36

Cancer surrounding a valve might look like what on an image?

Back 36

Apple Core Cancer

Front 37

What can cause hemoturia and back pain?

Back 37

Retrocecal Appendix lying on ureter

Front 38

What is calcification within the appendix and results with a positive McBurney's test?

Back 38

Appendicloth- seen 10% of the time, rupture 50% of the time. With +McBurneys then do an Ultrasound.

Front 39

What is air/gas in abdominal cavity?

Back 39

Pneumoperitoneum

Front 40

What commonly causes Pneumoperitoneum?

Back 40

perforated abdominal viscus

Front 41

When looking at a Pneumoperitoneum, what will air present in the lumen and outside the lumen appear as?

Back 41

Rigler's sign- double wall sign

Front 42

What would give you a False Rigler's sign?

Back 42

2 loops in contact with another

Front 43

What 3 images would you do to examine the abdomen?

Back 43

Flat abdomen
Upright Abdomen
Upright Chest (easiest to see free on)

Front 44

What is an anatomical space in the abdominal cavity behind the periotoneum?

Back 44

Retroperitoneal Spaces- any organ with periotneum only on anterior side

Front 45

What are the Retroperitoneal Organs?

Back 45

SADPUCKER

Front 46

What are lumps on a hemidiaphragm with a CT?

Back 46

Normal

Front 47

How do ultrasounder locate the pancreas?

Back 47

Look for SMA, since fat all around, it's easy to locate

Front 48

What two veins join to form the Portal Vein?

Back 48

SMV and Splenic V

Front 49

How do you distinguish the Portal V from other vessels?

Back 49

Surrounded by lucency b/c lots of fat

Front 50

What vessels go towards the hilum of the liver where the IVC is and have no fat around them?

Back 50

Hepatic Vessels

Front 51

What is caused by a high BP in Portal V and is seen with varices in the esophagus and stomach?

Back 51

Portal Hypertension

Front 52

What is inflammation of the gallbladder and on an image you CAN NOT see the gallbladder?

Back 52

Cholescystitis

Front 53

What should you perform to rule out Cholelithiasis?

Back 53

Normal Hepatobilliary Scan using technesium

Front 54

On a Normal Hepatobilliary Scan, if you see bile in the duodenum, what does this mean?

Back 54

CAN NOT be Colocystitis

Front 55

On an ultrasound, a thick wall gallbladde is indicative for what?

Back 55

gallstones

Front 56

What is another name for gallstones?

Back 56

Cholelithiasis

Front 57

To see gallstones on an ultrasound what should you use as a window?

Back 57

liver

Front 58

Echogenic material in galbladder with either be gallstone or polyp. How do you tell which one it is?

Back 58

Gallstone will have an acoustical shadow

Front 59

How you you do an ultrasound of the pancreas?

Back 59

Go thru left lobe of liver, look for SMA, and pancreas will be sitting right on top of SMA

Front 60

A ruptured spleen will look like what on a CT?

Back 60

will have dark blood encompassing it all around