Ima Ch. 2: The Nature Of Sound

Front 1

What is amplitude?

Back 1

It is the strenght of a wave, or amount of energy it carries.

Front 2

What is the material through which sounds travels?

Back 2

Medium

Front 3

What is an area of higher-than normal air pressure?

Back 3

Compression

Front 4

What is an area of lower-than-normal air pressure?

Back 4

Rarefraction

Front 5

What is the Eustachian Tube?

Back 5

It is the passageway connecting the throat and sinuses with each inner ear.

Front 6

What is the variations in air pressure which are ultimately translated into terms of electricity?

Back 6

Signals

Front 7

Frequency:

Back 7

is the number of wave cycles passing a single point in a specific amount of time

Front 8

How is sound customarily measured in quantity?

Back 8

In cycles per second.

Front 9

Pitch:

Back 9

is when fruency changes are distinguished mentally as variations.

Front 10

What is the universal unit of frequency meausured as?

Back 10

Hertz (Hz)

Front 11

How is Hertz (Hz) defined?

Back 11

It is defined as one complete cycle (one full compression and rarfraction) per second.

Front 12

What are some precision devices capable of documenting and detailing the frequency of perceived high- and low-pitched sounds.

Back 12

Real-Time Analyzers (RTA)and Spectral Analyzers

Front 13

Amplitude:

Back 13

is the strength of a wave, or amount of energy it carries.

Front 14

A wave'sound level is measured with what?

Back 14

Sound-Pressure Level(SPL)meter.

Front 15

deciBle (dB):

Back 15

is the universal unit of amplitude measurement.

Front 16

Wavelength:

Back 16

denotes the physical length of the wave.

Front 17

Period:

Back 17

is the duration (time required) to complete one cycle of the wave.

Front 18

What describes the actual contour of the wave when it is represented graphically in 2-D?

Back 18

Waveform

Front 19

What are two very broad categories that can be used classify waveforms?

Back 19

Simple and Complex

Front 20

Complex waveforms contain many _______.

Back 20

Overtones

Front 21

What are overtones?

Back 21

They are variant mixtures of many related frequencies that are created simultaneously with a fundamental, base tone.

Front 22

Phase:

Back 22

is a measure of the timing differentials among two reproductions of the same waveform.

Front 23

What is an exponent?

Back 23

It is the number pf times you have to muliply the foregoing number (called the base) by itself.

Front 24

What is related to the exponent?

Back 24

Lograthim

Front 25

What are the two properties of sound that can be measured?

Back 25

Frequency and Amplitude

Front 26

True or False: Frequency and amplitude behave exponentially.

Back 26

True.

Front 27

True or False: Frequencies can't be compare linearly.

Back 27

True.

Front 28

What is a short definition of amplitude?

Back 28

The measurement of loudness.

Front 29

True of False: Amplitude can't be expressed exponentially.

Back 29

False.

Front 30

What was the unit of amplitude orginally?

Back 30

Bell, named for Alexander Graham Bell.

Front 31

How many bell increments of soud levels are? Give the exact numbers it's through.

Back 31

There are 15 bell increments of the sound levels. To be exact, it's 0-14.

Front 32

Interference:

Back 32

an effect of two or more waves occupying the same space and time.

Front 33

The energy remains present, but the two waves' effect the eardrum and are effectively negated, refers to ___________.

Back 33

Cancellation.

Front 34

Reflection:

Back 34

is the bouncing of waves that results off the surface of boundaries.

Front 35

True or False: The harder the surface, the less sound absorbed by a given boundary and the more quently reflected.

Back 35

True.

Front 36

Rooms with these types of barriers permit great sound reflectivity, and are known for this reason as __________.

Back 36

Live Rooms.

Front 37

Rooms configured for low reflection are, conversely, _________.

Back 37

Dead Rooms.

Front 38

Mutliple reflection from interactions with multiple boundaries are referred to as ________.

Back 38

Reverberations.

Front 39

Sounds of a constant frequency reflecting off parallel walls often create a special case of interference called a _________.

Back 39

Standing wave

Front 40

A _________ is a place in a room where the source wave and its reflection are 180 degrees out-of-phase, creating a pocket of silence for that frequency.

Back 40

Node

Front 41

An _________ is a place where the source wave and its reflection greatly reinforce each other because they are in-phase. As a result of this phenomenon, every seat in a concert hall is accoustically unique, and the most prime seating is in the positions away from the reflective boundaries.

Back 41

Antinode

Front 42

Resonance:

Back 42

occurs when a wavelength of a particular frequency is reinforced by its own reflections (called resonating); rooms can "like" some frequencies better than others because some frequencies of a sound wave resonate and some cancel out, depending on frequency and phase (related to standing waves).

Front 43

Transmission:

Back 43

occurs when the energy of a sound wave is absorbed into a boundary and sets into motion.

Front 44

Diffraction:

Back 44

is the bending of a waves around the edge of the barrier.

Front 45

True or False: Loudness does not differ from one ear to another.

Back 45

False

Front 46

What are registered from the nominal timing delays, since sound waves hit one ear drum before reaching the other?

Back 46

Phase Differences

Front 47

When are hearing declines by age , what is it known as?

Back 47

Presbycusis.

Front 48

_____________ can occur due to disease, infection, or other physical element ailment.

Back 48

Conductive Hearing Loss

Front 49

What is the malady that the brain can prompt?

Back 49

Central Hearing Loss

Front 50

Temporary threshold shift:

Back 50

is a temporary loss of hearing or ringing in the ear, that will eventually go, but will indicate that permanent damage has been done.

Front 51

True or False: The tiny hairs in the cochlea are responsible for picking up the find sound detail.

Back 51

True.

Front 52

Permanent Theshold Shift:

Back 52

is when the damage of overexposure irreversibly reduces the range of frequencies the ear os equipped to receive.

Front 53

Successive damage to the ears can cause enduring ringing or hissing is a condition know as what?

Back 53

Tinnitus.

Front 54

The frequency loss is first noticed in the mid-range between __________.

Back 54

4 and 6 kHz and high frequencies.

Front 55

What is the speed of sound?

Back 55

11030 cycles per second.

Front 56

What is the frequency range of human hearing?

Back 56

20Hz - 20,000Hz, 2k-4k, (20,00Hz-4,000Hz senstive range)

Front 57

What is the amplitude range of human hearing?

Back 57

1/4dB - 140dB

Front 58

What is the log of 10,000?

Back 58

7

Front 59

How many times more powerful is 80dB than 20dB?

Back 59

(80-20=60)1,000,000