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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Complications of Liver Failure
AC, 9H
Ascites
Coagulopathy
Hypoalbuminemia
Hypoglycemia
Hyperammonia
Hyperbilirubinemia
Hyperestrinism
(portal) HTN
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
MC malignant liver tumors?
hepatocellular carcinomas
cholangiocarcinomas
MC benign liver tumor
hemangioma
MCC of pyogenic liver abscess
biliary tract obstruction - obstruction of bile flow allows bacterial proliferation
When does clinical jaundice become evident?
total bili >2.0mg/dL
dark urine + pale stools =
conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

(excreted through urine)
liver transaminases are often normal or low in patients with cirrhosis or metastatic liver disease ... why?
number of healthy functioning hepatocytes is markedly reduced
Possible causes of elevated ALT or AST
Autoimmune hepatitis
(Hepatitis) B
(Hepatitis) C
Drugs/toxins
Ethanol
Fatty liver
Growths (tumors)
Hemodynamic disorders (CHF)
Iron (hemochromatosis), copper (Wilson's deficiency), or AAT deficiency
Charcot's triad
RUQ pain
jaundice
fever
Reynaud's pentad
Charcot's: RUQ pain, jaundice, fever

+ septic shock
+ altered mental status
Most serious complication of acute cholangitis
hepatic abscess - high mortality rate
antimitochondrial antibodies
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Klatskin's tumor
proximal third of CBD - involve junction of right and left hepatic ducts

poor prognosis - unresectable
cutaneous flushing + diarrhea + sweating + wheezing + abd pain + heart valve dysfx. =
carcinoid syndrome - excess serotonin secretion
MCC of pancreatitis in children
blunt abd. trauma
MCC of chronic pancreatitis
chronic alcoholism
MCC location of pancreatic cancer
pancreatic head

then body

then tail
Palpable gallbladder is called ____?
Courvoisier's sign

painless
Most common source of GI bleeding in patients <60 y/o
diverticulosis
Most common source of GI bleeding in patients over age 60
angiodysplasia - small vascular malformation of the gut
Most important factor in determining survival of an esophageal perforation if pt. is ill and perforation is large.
the time interval between esophageal perforation and surgery - if delayed beyond 24 hours, the mortality rate and likelihood of fistulization increase.
Hallmark location of Crohn's Disease
terminal ileum