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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which neurotransmitter is commonly blamed for delirium?
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Acetylcholine
GABA, and DA are also blamed |
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What percentage of pts over 65 will experience delirium?
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10-15%
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Typical infections that can cause delirium?
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UTI
Meningitis Pneumonia Sepsis |
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Typical metabolic abnormalities that can lead to delirium?
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High Na
Hepatic encephalopathy Low O2 High CO2 High glucose Fluid imbalance Uremia High Ca |
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Four miscellaneous causes of delirium.
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Head trauma
Fat emboli Thiamine deficiency Anemia |
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Common drug intoxications that can lead to delirium
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EtOH
Hallucinogens Opioids Marijuana Stimulants Sedatives |
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Common drug withdrawal states that can lead to delirium
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EtOH
Benzos Barbiturates |
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Typical medication classes involved in delirium:
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Anesthetics
Anticholinergics Meperidine Antibiotics |
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Typical toxins that can lead to delirium:
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Carbon Monoxide
Organophosphates |
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Why can delirium be difficult to distinguish from dementia:
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Because dementia is a risk factor for delirium
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Three subtypes of delirium:
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Hyperactive
Hypoactive Mixed |
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What are the definitive tests for delirium?
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Trick question – There are none
This is why dx can be tricky |
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Ddx of delirium:
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Dementia
Psychotic or manic disorganization Status complex partial epilepsy |
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What is the number one most important thing to consider when treating delirium?
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Keeping the patient safe from harm
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What is the only approved medication for the treatment of delirium?
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Trick question – There are none!
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When is the only time you use benzos for treating delirium?
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When there is benzo or alcohol withdrawal.
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Is sundowning more frequent in delirium or dementia?
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Trick question – it's common to both
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