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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the five B's to remember density differences?
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Bullet,bone,blood,blubber and bubbles
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What 2 variables can be manipulated when taking radiographs?
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KVP (kilovolt peak) and MAS miliamps/second
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What are the cartilaginous disks of growing long bones?
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Epiphyseal,metaphyseal or growth plates, or physes
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During growth how does the physis appear radiographically?
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As a radiolucent line (dark line)
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What should not be mistaken for fractures radiographically?
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Physeal lines or sesamoid bones
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When the majority of the physes of the limbs closed. What are the exceptions?
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By 1 year except iliac crest (1-2.5 yr and pelvic symphysis (5-6yrs) and possibly head of humerus
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What are the last physes of the shoulder and stifle to close?
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Head of the humerus (13mo) and tibial tuberosity
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When does the physis of the anconeal process close?
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3-4 months
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The different views ________ different sides of the bones.
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silhouette/highlight
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What does the lateral view silhouettes?
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cranial and caudal or dorsal and palmer/plantar surfaces of bones.
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What are radiographic landmarks for the lateral side of the limb?
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Spina of scapula, greater tubercle(humerus), distal ulna, accessory carpal bone
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What are the radiographic landmarks for the medial side of the thoracic limb?
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radial carpal bone, dew claw
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What are caudal/palmar landmarks of the forelimb?
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head of the humerus, olecrannon, accessory carpal
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Name two normal structures that can be mistaken for fractures in the forearm.
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anconeal process of ulna, sesamoid bones of digits or latera lcollateral lig. of elbow; accessory ossicle of caudal scapula
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List the bones of the proximal row of carpal bones from medial to lateral.
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radial, ulnar and accessory carpal bones
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On what side of the limb is the accessory carpal bone?
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lateral and palmar
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What makes the space between bones seen in a radiograph?
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Joint space and articular cartilage
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Is cartilage seen radiographically?
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No, only inferred
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Since cartilage can't be seen radiographically, how is it evaluated?
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check subchondral bone (under cartilage)
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What is an pathological osseous (bony) outgrowth seen radiographically?
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osteophyte or enthesophyte
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What is an increase in the density of a bone?
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schlerosis
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What is immobility and consolidation of a joint due to disease, injury or surgical procedure?
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Ankylosis
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What is destruction of a bone, seen as reduced density (blacker)?
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Lysis
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What is a luxation or dislocation?
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Complete loss of contact between articular surfaces of a joint.
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Define a subluxation.
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Partial loss of contact between articular surfaces of a joint
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What is osteochondrosis (OC)?
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Defect in endochondral ossification: deeper layer of articular cartilage die
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List 2 of 4 common sites of OC?
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shoulder
medial humeral condyle medial and lateral femoral condyle proximal medial trocjlea |
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What is osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD)?
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Osteochondrosis + dissected flap of cartilage
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What is a joint mouse?
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Calcified dissecting OCD flap- break off and floats in synovium
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What can the cat's clavicle be mistaken for in a lateral radiograph?
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bone in the esophagus
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Where is osteochondrosis of the elbow located?
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Medial condyle of the humerus
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What is ununited anconeal process?
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Failure of anconeal process to unite with ulna.
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When is the anconeal process considered ununited?
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If not united after 5 months
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What is fragmented medial coronoid process?
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Improper development and fragmentation of cartilaginous precursor
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