I&i Exam 1

Front 1

Hereditary angioedema results from:

Back 1

Deficiency in C1 esterase

Front 2

Recurrent pyogenic sinus and URI infections result from this deficiency:

Back 2

C3

Front 3

C6-C8 deficiency causes

Back 3

Neisseria bacteremia

Front 4

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria is caused by:

Back 4

Deficiency in Decay accelerating factor DAF (inhibits C3 convertase)

Front 5

Function of Interferon alpha and beta:

Back 5

Upregulate ribonuclease production that targets viral RNA

Front 6

Interferon gamma function:

Back 6

stimulates MHC production and antigen presentation. Activates NK cells (all three types activate NK cells)

Front 7

Cause of chronic granulomatous disease

Back 7

Lack of NADPH oxidase prevents superoxide production, leaving phagocytes unable to kill organisms.

Front 8

Job's syndrome: cause and characteristics:

Back 8

TH1 cells fail to produce IFN-gamma, which leads to decreased macrophage activation
FATED:
Abnormal facies
Abscesses
Retained primary teeth
Increased IgE levels
Derm problems (eczema)

Front 9

IgA function:

Back 9

Prevents attachment of bacteria and viruses to mucous membranes, found in secretions

Front 10

IgG

Back 10

most abundant antibody in serum, seconary response to antigens, fixes complement, crosses placenta

Front 11

IgE

Back 11

Mediates type I hypersensitivity reactions, mediates immunity to worms and parasites.

Front 12

IgM

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Primary response to antigen, found on the surface of B cells, fixes complement

Front 13

B cell function

Back 13

Produce antibodies, activated by Th2 cells to differentiate into plasma cells (which secrete larges amounts of Ig A/G/E) Cause immediate organ rejection

Front 14

CD8 T Cells

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initiate apoptosis in virus infected cells. Express MHC I receptors.

Front 15

CD4 T cells

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Activate other components of adaptive immunity. Express MHC II receptors, activate B cells, activate CD8 t cells.

Front 16

X-linked agammaglobulinemia, Bruton Disease

Back 16

X-linked.
Onset around 6 mos
Virtually no mature B cells, no antibodies produced. Susceptible to encapsulated bacteria and enteroviruses.

Front 17

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

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Hypogammaglobulinemia - usually low in IgA and IgG. Increased lymphoma and autoimmune suggest T cell pathology.

Front 18

Selective IgA deficiency

Back 18

Susceptible to bacterial infections of mucus membranes.

Front 19

DiGeorge syndrom

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Small deletion in chromosome 22 results in: CATCH22
Cardiac abnormalities
Abnormal Faces
Thymic hypoplasia
Cleft Palate
Hypocalcemia
22 deletion
Treatment: bone marrow transplant

Front 20

SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency)

Back 20

Insufficient B cells and T cells. Multiple illnesses early in life. Treatment - bone marrow transplant. IL-2 receptor defect.

Front 21

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrom

Back 21

X linked mutation in protein that links TCR to cytoskeleton.
Recurrent pyogenic infection, eczema, Hi IgA, Lo IgM

Front 22

Ataxia Telengiectasia

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RARE AR disorder causing a defect in DNA repair enzymes. Low IgA. Ataxia - wheelchair bound. Telangiectasia - small dilated vessels on bulbar conjunctiva and skin.

Front 23

Type I hypersensitivity reaction characterized by

Back 23

IgE response direct at innocuous environmental antigens.

Front 24

Atopy

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Hypersensitivity affecting parts of the body not in direct contact with the allergen. examples: asthma eczema allergic rhinitis urticaria anaphylasis.

Front 25

IgE levels are sensitive to:

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IL-4 from Th2 cells increases
IFN gamma from Th1 cells is inhibitory.

Front 26

Type II hypersensitivity

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IgG or IgM is directed against antigen on self cells, or transfused blood cells. Leads to phagocytosis or complement mediated lysis.

Front 27

Hemolytic disease of newborn

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type of type II hypersensitivity reaction. Mom is Rh neg, baby is positive.

Front 28

Goodpasture's syndrome

Back 28

glomerular and lung basement membranes provoke immune response. Type 2 hypersensitivity.

Front 29

Myasthenia gravis

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circulating antibodies (IgG) attach to acetylcholine receptors on muscle membranes. Type 2 hypersensitivity.

Front 30

Graves disease

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overactive thyroid as a result of stimulating antibodies for TSH receptor. Type 2 hypersensitivity.

Front 31

Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions aka

Back 31

immune complex reactions

Front 32

Mechanism of type 3 hypersensitivity reactions

Back 32

Antibody-antigen complexes form
Complexes act on complement
Complement induces histamine release
Complexes deposit on walls of small vessels
PMNs are attracted by C3a and C5a
PMNs release oxidative enzymes to try to clear complexes
Platelets form microthrombi causing ischemia

Front 33

Type 4 hypersensitivity aka

Back 33

delayed hypersensitivity

Front 34

Type 4 hypersensitivity mediated by ____ cells

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Th2 cells and IgE

Front 35

Kinds of type 4 hypersensitivity diseases

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Type 1 DM, Graft vs host disease, tuberculin, granulomatous

Front 36

SLE

Back 36

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Autoimmune disease. Antibodies detected: antinuclear antibody, antibodies to dsDNA, anti-smith antibody, antihistone antibody (drug induced SLE)

Front 37

Pathogenesis of autoimmunity

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Suppressor T cells reduce risk of autoimmune disease.
Thymectomy increases risk.
B cells promote autoimmunity through antibody production.

Front 38

T cells are required for rejection because...

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Th cells release cytokines to induce activation of CD8+ cells, B cells, and macrophages.

Front 39

Cyclosporin mechanism of action

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Inhibits calcineurin in T cells, preventing intracellular signaling and production of IL2 needed for differentiation and activation of T cells.

Front 40

Cancers linked to Epstein Barr virus

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Lymphoma, burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
In immunosuppressed: virus infects more B cells, for which it is mitogenic.

Front 41

Cancers linked with HPV

Back 41

Cervical cancer, anorectal cancer. Preference or columnar epithelial cells near squamous junctions. Inclusion of DNA into host genome.

Front 42

Tumor associated transplantation antigen

Back 42

Exposure to inactivated tumor leads to immunity to other active tumors of the same type.