I&i Bacteria Families & Characteristics

Front 1

4 methods of genetic transfer in bacteria

Back 1

Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation
Insertion sequences

Hint 1

TICT

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bacterial uptake & integration of DNA from environment

Back 2

transformation
strep, haemophilus, N gonorrhea, H Pylori

Front 3

phage-mediated transfer of bacterial DNA

Back 3

Transduction

Front 4

direct transfer of bacterial DNA between 2 organisms

Back 4

conjugation
usually plasmid-mediated

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DNA peices that "jump" in and out of DNA

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Insertion sequences
Transposon = 2 insertion sequences flanking another gene (or set of genes)

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2 insertion sequences flanking a gene (or set of genes)

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transposon
very important in drug resistance

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period of growth when bacteria is adapting to new environment

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lag phase

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state of steady bacterial growth

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exponential or log phase

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period of growth when bacteria has used up nutrients or toxins accumulated

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stationary or plateau phase

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Obligate anaerobes do not have ...

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SOD, peroxidase, catalase (to process reactive species)

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3 species obligate anaerobes

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Actinomyces (G-)
Bacteroides (G-)- fragilis, prevotella
Clostridium (G+)

Peptostreptococcus

Hint 11

ABC's

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1 species obligate aerobe

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mycobacterium tuberculosis

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molecule in all bacterial cell walls

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Peptidoglycan (not in MTB-mycolic acids instead- waxy)
made of Murein (not in Chlamydia) x-linked by peptide bonds
NO cell wall in mycoplasma

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composition of G+ cell wall

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cell membrane
thick PG layer w/Lipoteichoic acid (teichoic acid is virulence factor)
no outer membrane
+/- capsule

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composition of G- cell wall

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cell membrane
thin layer PG
periplasmic space (w/PG & lipoprotein to connect outer membrane)
outer membrane w/LPS containing O antigen & Lipid A (toxic)

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bacteria that make spores

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only G+ rods:
Clostridium
Bacillus (anthracis & cereus- reheated rice)

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major constitiuents of spores

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dried muramic acid
Ca++

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G- cocci

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Neisseria
Meningiditis (glucose & maltose--MGM)
Gonorrhea (glucose only)
need complement to kill

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found in Alcoholics, Aspiration Pneumonia & Abscess of lung

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Klebsiella

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non-motile enterobacteriaceae

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klebsiella & shigella

Hint 20

K eep S wimming (Shitting)

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enterobactericeae

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G- bacilli
in GI
Entero
Escherichia
Klebsiella
Proteus
Salmonella
Serratia
Shigella
Yersinia (not in GI- plague)

Hint 21

KEEPSSSH & Y

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enterobacteria with polysaccharide capsule

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Klebsiella & salmonella
(non-motile are Kleb & shig)

Hint 22

K eep S wimming (Salmon- Shig doesn't swim)

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G- bacilli causing diarrhea

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V. Cholera (rice water)
V. Vulnificus (diarrhea & wound infections in fishermen & ocean swimmers)

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Campy & Helicobacter

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small curved G- rods
gastroenteritis

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H Pylori

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G- spiral shaped, motile rod

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Pseudomonas

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G- rods in soil & water

Areuginosa: pili, slime layer, endotoxin, exotoxins- nosocomial infection, immunocompromised

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Haemophilus

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G- small pleomorphic coccobacilli

HIB - meningitis & epiglottitis

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Bordetella

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G- coccibacilli
whooping cough
ADP ribosylation of Gi, increases cAMP

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Legionella

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G- facultative intracellular parasite

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Staphylococcus virulence factors

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G+ cocci
enzymes (coagulase, DNAse, Staphylokinase, Hyaluronidase, Lipase)
Exotoxins (hemolysins, leukocidin, epidermolytic toxin, TSST-1, Enterotoxin)

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Streptococcus

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G+ Cocci

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Group A Strep

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Strep Pyogenes
M protein
Lipoteichoic acid
hyaluronic acid capsule- (inhib phag)

hyaluronidase (spread through for cellulitis)
streptolysin O

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Listeria

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G+ bacilli
neonates, pregnant women (bacteremia), immunosuppression, alcoholics
adult & neonatal meningitis

Front 34

Corynebacterium

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G+ bacilli
Diphtheria
tonsillar pseudomembrane

Front 35

Bacillus

Back 35

G+ Bacilli
Anthrax
Cereus (reheated rice)
makes spores

Front 36

Clostridia

Back 36

G+ rods
obligate anaerobes
spores

Perfringins- gas gangrene
Difficile- antibiotic associated diarrhea
Tetani
Butulinum

Front 37

G+ bacteria families

Back 37

Staph
Strep
Listeria (meningitis)
Cornybacterium (diphtheria)
Bacillus (anthrax)
Clostridia

Hint 37

sslcbc

Front 38

Rickettsiaceae

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G- coccobacilli
obligate intracellular parasite
Rocky Mountain Tick Fever

Front 39

Chlamydia

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G- obligate intracellular parasite
no murein in cell wall

Front 40

Treponema Pallidum

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G- spirochete
syphilis

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Borrelia

Back 41

G-
Lyme disease
(bordetella is whooping cough)

Front 42

Mycoplasma

Back 42

resemble G- but lack cell wall
M Pneumoniae- most common cause of pneumonia in young adults (atypical pneumo)