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58 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Humoral immunity is mediated by what?
B cells and plasma cells
Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by what?
CD8 Toxic T cells
What type of immunity recognizes antigens?
Humoral
What recognizes antigens?
T cells and antibodies
What are the best type of antigens?
proteins
What are the immue recognition sites on antigens?
Epitopes
What type of epitopes are B cells really good at recognizing?
Conformational
What type of epitopes do T cells recognize?
Linear
The epitope that induces a greater immune response than other epitopes on an antigen
Immunodominant epitope
AKA antigenic determinants
Epitopes
Thymus independent antigens involve recogintion of which type of epitopes?
Conformational
Antigens, but not immunogens
Haptens
Do not stimulate an immune response, but can still bind to an antibody
Hapten
What binds to B7?
CD28
ICAM, VCAM, MHC, CD4, CD8 and CD28 are all members of what?
IgSF
2+ beta pleated sheets arranged in opposite directions that are stabilized by one ore more disulfide bonds (beta barrel)
IgSF
When a single plasma cell is transformed into a cancer cell
myeloma
Where do you see Bence-Jones proteins?
Multiple Myeloma
Of what chain are Bence-Jones proteins made?
Light
Where may you see extra protein (Ig) in the urine?
Multiple Myeloma
What causes a fever?
IL-1, TNF, IL-6
These undergo class switching as the B cell undergoes differentiation
Heavy chains
What type of light chains are most common?
kappa light
Variable region
Fab, VDJ, idiotypic, paratope
Constant region
Fc
What part of the antibody can cross-link antigens and thus, ppt an antigen?
Fab2
What is located at the amino terminal regions of the heavy and light chains?
Fab
What is at the carboxy terminal terminal of the heavy chains?
Fc
What region of the antibody binds Fc receptors on macrophages?
Fc
Where would you see mutations in the heavy chains?
Variable domain
What must happen in order to activate IgE and cause a signal to travel into the cytoplasm and degranulate the mast cell or basophil?
Cross-linking of antibodies and antigens
If an antibody has a hinge, how many constant domains are there?
3 instead of 4
What form the antibody's paratope?
Complementarity-determining regions (CDRs)
AKA Hypervariable regions
CDRs
What type of interaction is between Ag-Ab?
non-covalent
How many combining sites does IgG have?
2 paratopes
How many paratopes does IgM have?
10
What happens to the antibody when an antigen is bound?
conformational change which stimulates complement
An antibody has to have what in order to stimulate complement?
An antigen bound
What Ig does NOT ppt?
IgE (bound to mast cells and basophils)
What Igs have hinges and can thus ppt?
IgA, IgD and IgG. IgM can also ppt because it has a multimeric structure
Post-streptococcal rheumatic fever is an example of what?
Cross-reactivity of antigens
To what is IgD often bound?
B cells
to what is IgM sometimes bound?
B cells
B cells expressing what will bind antigen?
IgD or IgM
VIa what do antibodies bind to the APC?
Fc
When is agglutination most likely?
When the concentration of Ag = Ab
What is the downside of cross-linking Ag:Ab?
Complement can be activated
What host factors block deposition or activatin of complement on normal tissues?
Protectin (Cd59) and HRF
What is the specificity for target cell killing in ADCC provided by?
Antibody, NOT effector cell
How does ADCC differ from opsonization?
The antigen is killed withought first being phagocytosed in ADCC
What type of ADCC mechanism do neutrophils employ?
Lysosomal enzymes
What type of ADCC mechanism do macrophages employ?
LE and TNF
What type of ADCC mechanism do Eosinophils employ?
LE and Perforin
What type of ADCC mechanism do NK cells employ?
Perforin, Granzyme and TNF
What Ig is passed through placenta?
IgG
What Ig is passed through colostrum and milk?
IgA
The memory response is primarily what type of response?
IgG