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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Humoral immunity is mediated by what?
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B cells and plasma cells
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Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by what?
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CD8 Toxic T cells
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What type of immunity recognizes antigens?
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Humoral
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What recognizes antigens?
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T cells and antibodies
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What are the best type of antigens?
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proteins
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What are the immue recognition sites on antigens?
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Epitopes
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What type of epitopes are B cells really good at recognizing?
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Conformational
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What type of epitopes do T cells recognize?
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Linear
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The epitope that induces a greater immune response than other epitopes on an antigen
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Immunodominant epitope
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AKA antigenic determinants
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Epitopes
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Thymus independent antigens involve recogintion of which type of epitopes?
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Conformational
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Antigens, but not immunogens
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Haptens
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Do not stimulate an immune response, but can still bind to an antibody
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Hapten
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What binds to B7?
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CD28
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ICAM, VCAM, MHC, CD4, CD8 and CD28 are all members of what?
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IgSF
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2+ beta pleated sheets arranged in opposite directions that are stabilized by one ore more disulfide bonds (beta barrel)
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IgSF
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When a single plasma cell is transformed into a cancer cell
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myeloma
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Where do you see Bence-Jones proteins?
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Multiple Myeloma
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Of what chain are Bence-Jones proteins made?
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Light
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Where may you see extra protein (Ig) in the urine?
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Multiple Myeloma
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What causes a fever?
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IL-1, TNF, IL-6
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These undergo class switching as the B cell undergoes differentiation
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Heavy chains
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What type of light chains are most common?
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kappa light
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Variable region
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Fab, VDJ, idiotypic, paratope
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Constant region
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Fc
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What part of the antibody can cross-link antigens and thus, ppt an antigen?
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Fab2
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What is located at the amino terminal regions of the heavy and light chains?
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Fab
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What is at the carboxy terminal terminal of the heavy chains?
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Fc
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What region of the antibody binds Fc receptors on macrophages?
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Fc
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Where would you see mutations in the heavy chains?
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Variable domain
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What must happen in order to activate IgE and cause a signal to travel into the cytoplasm and degranulate the mast cell or basophil?
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Cross-linking of antibodies and antigens
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If an antibody has a hinge, how many constant domains are there?
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3 instead of 4
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What form the antibody's paratope?
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Complementarity-determining regions (CDRs)
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AKA Hypervariable regions
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CDRs
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What type of interaction is between Ag-Ab?
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non-covalent
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How many combining sites does IgG have?
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2 paratopes
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How many paratopes does IgM have?
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10
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What happens to the antibody when an antigen is bound?
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conformational change which stimulates complement
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An antibody has to have what in order to stimulate complement?
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An antigen bound
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What Ig does NOT ppt?
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IgE (bound to mast cells and basophils)
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What Igs have hinges and can thus ppt?
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IgA, IgD and IgG. IgM can also ppt because it has a multimeric structure
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Post-streptococcal rheumatic fever is an example of what?
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Cross-reactivity of antigens
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To what is IgD often bound?
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B cells
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to what is IgM sometimes bound?
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B cells
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B cells expressing what will bind antigen?
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IgD or IgM
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VIa what do antibodies bind to the APC?
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Fc
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When is agglutination most likely?
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When the concentration of Ag = Ab
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What is the downside of cross-linking Ag:Ab?
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Complement can be activated
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What host factors block deposition or activatin of complement on normal tissues?
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Protectin (Cd59) and HRF
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What is the specificity for target cell killing in ADCC provided by?
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Antibody, NOT effector cell
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How does ADCC differ from opsonization?
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The antigen is killed withought first being phagocytosed in ADCC
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What type of ADCC mechanism do neutrophils employ?
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Lysosomal enzymes
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What type of ADCC mechanism do macrophages employ?
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LE and TNF
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What type of ADCC mechanism do Eosinophils employ?
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LE and Perforin
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What type of ADCC mechanism do NK cells employ?
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Perforin, Granzyme and TNF
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What Ig is passed through placenta?
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IgG
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What Ig is passed through colostrum and milk?
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IgA
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The memory response is primarily what type of response?
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IgG
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