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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why more ethical misconduct:
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– Increased competitiveness
– Changing social values/Favoritism – Cultural shifts (new role models) – Poor Training – Less Oversight |
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New ABIH Requirements
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• CIH/CAIHs
– Must accrue at least 2 hours in ethics training during each 5 year cycle – Will start with 2006-10 (CM) cycle • Certification Applicants – IH coursework requirement: must complete at least 2 hours of ethnics training – Starting January 1, 2010 |
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What is Ethics
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• Ethics is about making choices that may not always feel good or benefit you but are the right choices to make
• Ethics is complex and often perplexing • It is concerned with character and conduct • Right or wrong • Good or bad • Fair or unfair • Responsible or irresponsible |
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What are the golden rules of ethics?
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– Don’t hurt
– Don’t steal – Don’t lie |
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Example Ethics Topics
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• Integrity/Professional conduct
• Confidentiality of sensitive information – Ex. Medical records • Conflict of interest • Intellectual property rights/plagiarism |
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Key Measures of Ethical Behavior
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• The amount of misconduct observed
• The willingness to report misdeeds • The strength of ethical cultures – Does organization hold employees accountable for wrongdoing • The pressure to cut corners • Retaliation against those who reported misconduct |
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IH Code of Ethics Evolution - what are the 4 orgs that chartered the Code of Ethics Task Force in 1991?
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AIH, ABIH, AIHA
and ACGIH |
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Code of Ethics Task
Force • Outcome of Task Force was: |
Outcome of Task Force was:
– Revised Code of Ethics with Interpretive Guidelines in 1995 (6 Canons of ethical conduct) – Development of Joint Industrial Hygiene Ethics and Education Committee – ABIH has authority to censure or revoke certifications (CIHs and CAIHs) – Education is key component for promoting code of ethics |
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Joint Industrial Hygiene Ethics Education
Committee (JIHEEC) |
• IH organizations approved JIHEEC in 1995
• JIHEEC formed in 1996 • Purpose is to conduct educational activities for industrial hygienists and interested parties • Assist in promoting the code of ethics |
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Why Code of Ethics was Revised?
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• Past code consisted of general principles of
ethical conduct only • Lack of interpretive guidelines • Practice of Industrial Hygiene has changed in scope since 1981 – Employment patterns changed – Responsibilities of EHS professionals became more general – Allied EHS professionals required to take on industrial hygiene duties – Entry level IH professionals take on responsibilities without benefit of experience or peer association |
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IH Ethics Current Status
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• Six Canons with interpretive guidelines
(Joint Code of Ethics – 1995) • ACGIH, AIH, and AIHA – Member Ethical Principles (adopted 2007) • ABIH – Enforceable Code of Ethics (adopted 2007) |
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Industrial Hygiene Canons of
Ethical Conduct |
• Six Canons of conduct with interpretive guidelines
– Interpretive guidelines intended to be a “living document” – Not intended to be all inclusive • Ethical guidelines are a mixture of ethics and etiquette |
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Code of Ethics for the Practice of Industrial Hygiene
• Objective: |
These canons provide standards of ethical conduct for
Industrial Hygienists as they practice their profession and exercise their primary mission, to protect the health and well-being of working people and the public from chemical, microbiological, and physical health hazards present at, or emanating from, the workplace. |
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Canons of Ethical Conduct
#1- |
Practice their profession following
recognized scientific principles with the realization that the lives, health, and wellbeing of people may depend upon their professional judgment and that they are obligated to protect the health and wellbeing of people. |
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Canons of Ethical Conduct
#2 - |
#2 - Counsel affected parties factually regarding potential health risks and precautions necessary to avoid adverse health effects.
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Canons of Ethical Conduct
#3 - |
Keep confidential personal and business information obtained during the exercise of industrial hygiene activities, except when required by law or overriding health and safety considerations.
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Canons of Ethical Conduct
#4 - |
Avoid circumstances where a
compromise of professional judgment or conflict of interest may arise. |
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Canons of Ethical Conduct
#5 - |
Perform services only in the areas of their competence.
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Canons of Ethical Conduct
#6 - |
Act responsibly to uphold the integrity of the profession.
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Member Ethical Principles
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• A set of principles which complement the enforceable code of ethics (ABIH) for AIHA, AIH, and ACGIH which they will share
• Developed in cooperation with ABIH • Joint principles are NOT enforceable • Document represents shared member ethical principles • Designed to guide members • Support the profession • Advance health and safety • Members should understand and comply with ethical principles |
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Joint Industrial Hygiene
Associations • Member Ethical Principles |
Obligations as practitioners in the field of IH:
– Maintain high standards of integrity and professional conduct – Follow recognized sound scientific principles – Accept responsibilities for their actions – Seek to enhance their professional capabilities – Practice with fairness and honesty – Encourage others to act in a professional manner |
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Ethics Awareness and
Enforcement |
• Education and Awareness
– AIHA – ACGIH – AIH’s Joint IH Ethics Education Committee (JIHEEC) – Formed 1996 • Members from each IH organization • Enforcement – ABIH |
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Ethical Allegations-The ABIH
Process |
ABIH evaluates ethics allegations for potential
censure or revocation of Diplomates (CIHs or CAIHs) |
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Ethical Allegations-The ABIH
Process - • Criteria for Censure or Revocation of Certification: |
– Misrepresentation with intent to deceive
– Fraud in the examination or recertification process – Unethical practice – Activities which discredit the profession – Conviction of a felony |
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ABIH Ethics Process
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• Ethics Case Procedures
– Ethics Charge Complaint Form • Review by Executive Director and/or 5 member Ethics Review Committee (ERC) to accept or reject • Appeals – ERC – Board Appeals Committee – 3 Directors |
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Disciplinary Actions
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• Ineligible for certification/recertification
• Corrective actions • Private reprimand and censure • Public reprimand and censure • Probation including conditions on conduct • Suspension of certification • Revocation |
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Causes of Ethical Dilemmas New Jersey 1994*
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• On the job pressure (too many responsibilities)
• Pressure caused by economic implications of result • Lack of experience • Poor design of study • Friendship in regard to “whistle blowing” |
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Type of Ethical Misconduct
Observed – 1994* |
• Failure to protect confidentiality of human subjects
• Avoiding work on subjects that might threaten supporters • Knowingly in conflict-of-interest situations • Deliberate failure to disclose sources of support • Change of definitions after the fact • Inadequately informing human subjects about invasive procedure • Deliberately voting against a competitive proposal • Deliberately delaying peer review of another’s paper or proposal • Failure to share credit on a patent |
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NIH Scientific/Research
Misconduct - Name 3 |
fabrication
falsification plagiarism |
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NIH Scientific/Research
Misconduct • Fabrication – |
• Fabrication – making up data or results and
recording or reporting them |
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NIH Scientific/Research
Misconduct Falsification – |
• Falsification – manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record
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NIH Scientific/Research
Misconduct • Plagiarism – |
• Plagiarism – appropriation of another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit
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Possible Outcomes of Scientific
Misconduct |
• Other researchers may be misled and waste valuable time and resources
• Patient care may be compromised |
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What is HIPAA?
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• Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act of (1996) – “Privacy Rule” – Establishes national standards to protect health and medical records – Protect personal information |
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Whistleblower
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• A person who raises a concern about wrongdoing
occurring in an organization or body of people. • Internal whistleblowers – report misconduct to a fellow employee or superior within their company. • External whistleblowers – report misconduct to outside persons or entities such as: – Lawyers – Media – Law enforcement – Watchdog agencies – Local, state, or federal agencies |
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Whistleblower Retaliation
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• Termination
• Suspension • Demotion • Wage garnishment • Harsh mistreatment by other employees |
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Whistleblower Legal Protection
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• Varies in the United States
• Patchwork of laws – Included in many environmental acts (TSCA, CERCLA, RCRA, etc.) – OSHA – Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) • Sarbanes-Oxley Act, enacted on 7/30/02 for corporate fraud whistleblowers |
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Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
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• Is the public company accounting reform and investor protection act. It was passed in response to high-profile business failures, such as Enron and WorldCom.
– Designed to improve the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosure |
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Benefits from Ethical Behavior
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• Builds trust
• Builds loyalty • Avoidance of fines • Minimize micromanagement from governing agencies |
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Summary Ethics
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• A formal ethics program is an important and
necessary element of our profession • Education should continue as the primary means to promote ethical behavior • Industrial Hygienists should have awareness of ethical standards of performance and practice them • Continue to expand competency base • Think through the outcome before acting – Would you want your mother to see a news story about your actions? |
