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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Which parts of the cell are basophilic? What charge is this?
Nucleus and RER; negative
Which parts of the cell are acidophilic? What charge is this?
Protein; positive
What type of compounds does a metachromatic stain bind to?
polyanions
5 resident cells of loose connective tissue
mast cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, fat cells
Why are cells in loose connective tissue called resident cells?
Exist there all the time
What is the layer of connective tissue that appears regular beneath the basal layer of epithelium?
Lamina propria
What role do fibroblasts play in connective tissue?
Synthesize collagen/proteoglycans, important in development and wound healing
Collagen synthesis uses what cofactor? Deficiency of this leads to?
Vitamin C, scurvy
Collections of collagen
collagen fibril
What two main types of organization does elastin have?
Fibers or fenestrated
3 substances that make up ground substance
Glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, multiadhesive glycoproteins
Purpose of ground substance
To control the viscosity of the tissue
Types of fat
brown (multilocular) and white (unilocular)
What cell type differentiates into two types of adipocyte?
Lipoblasts
What cell organelle does brown fat have a lot of? Why?
Mitochondria for heat
What do brown cell mitochondria use to generate heat without ATP?
Thermogenin
What is the purpose of the plasma cell?
makes different kinds of immunoglobulins (so lots in digestive tract)
What is made in the dark areas of plasma cells?
immunoglobulins
Describe the appearance of mast cells.
Many dark spots, centrally located nucleus
What are the function of mast cells?
Set up to bind environmental changes
When mast cells release their granules, what are the contents of those granules?
Histamine (increases vascular permeability and causes edema, contracts smooth muscle); heparin (blocks clotting, binds and inactivates histamine); chemotactic factors for neutrophils and eosinophils (NCF and ECF)
What do mast cells release from their membranes?
Leukotrienes-->from arachidonic acid, inc vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction as well
What type of connective tissue makes up tendons?
Dense regular connective tissue
What connects tendons to muscles?
Loose connective tissue
Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?
Bladder among other places
4 purposes of cartilage
structural support, shock absorption, reduce friction in joints, template for bone formation
What cartilage forms the tracheal rings? What type # is that?
Hyaline; type II
2 main layers of cartilage
Perichondrium and cartilage
Describe the growth of chondrocytes.
Perichondrial fibroblasts, chondroblasts, chondrocytes (surrounded by territorial matrix)
2 main types of cartilage growth
appositional growth (from perichondrium), interstitial growth (division of chondrocytes)
What does cartilagenous matrix contain?
aggrecan (connected by proteoglycans) and Type II collagen
What cartilagenous layer does not exist on surfaces of bones?
perichondrium
What occurs when joint cartilage wears away?
Osteoarthritis
Elastic cartilage is sometimes found inside what space?
Lacuna
What type of cartilage are IV discs made of?
fibrocartilage (lines of fibroblasts)